Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) | A "Country" that Disappeared?

Nagorno-Karabakh, a region located in the South Caucasus at the center of a decades-long conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Until recently, it was also home to an unrecognized nation: the Republic of Artsakh.

Having emerged following dissolution of the Soviet Union, the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988-1994) saw the predominantly Armenian region - internationally recognized as a part of Azerbaijan - gain de facto independence in the mid-1990s. As that name sort of implies, this wouldn't be the last war. And, in 2020, thing did not go well for Armenia. Following a ground offensive along the line of contact, Azerbaijani forces managed to capture much of southern Nagorno-Karabakh, including Shusha (Shushi), the second-largest city in the region.

In wake of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War, Armenia lost 75% of the territory it had controlled before the war, leaving just the narrow Lachin Corridor as its only link with Artsakh.

This too was seized by Azerbaijan in 2022 and, less than a year later, Baku would launch a military offensive against the breakaway republic itself. After just one day of fighting, a ceasefire was agreed to and it soon became known the beleaguered Republic of Artsakh would cease to exist on January 1st, 2024.

In response to this dramatic turn of events, over 100,000 people fled Nagorno-Karabakh, fearing Azerbaijani rule.

This all begs the question: what is the story behind Nagorno-Karabakh?

#history #armenia #artsakh #nagornoka #azerbaijan #geography #ghostcountries

CHAPTERS

00:00 Intro
03:08 A Land Between the Rivers
04:08 Why is it called Nagorno-Karabakh?
04:59 Russian Conquest + Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
07:46 Shushi Massacre
09:27 Soviet Rule + Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast
11:20 Perestroika, Nationalism, and the Karabakh Movement
13:17 Sumgait Pogrom
17:08 Dissolution of the Soviet Union + Operation Ring
19:21 First Nagorno-Karabakh War
21:02 Khojaly Massacre
22:26 The Republic of Artsakh
26:57 Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
29:36 The Turkish Connection
32:04 Lachin Corridor + Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh
33:46 2023 Azerbaijani Offensive
35:27 What's Next?

Corrections:

30:24 I meant Ankara, not Istanbul

Also, in the maps depicting the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, I mistakenly included a portion of the former Shaumyan District. This later was claimed by the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh / Artsakh, but nonetheless was not a part of the original NKAO and remained under Azerbaijani control from 1992.

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Intro Animation + Character Design: Emily Clearwater (iamprettyawesome.co.nz)

Background Music:

Clash Defiant Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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Source: https://incompetech.com/music/royalty...

Artist: http://incompetech.com/