Hong Kong Built $47 Billion Underwater Tunnel

Hong Kong Built $47 Billion Underwater Tunnel. Subscribe For More Amazing Videos ► http://bit.ly/theimpressive ◄ Don't forget to hit that bell!

The Hong Kong Zhuhai Macau Bridge (HZMB) is a 55-kilometer (34 mi) bridge-tunnel system consisting of three cable-stayed bridges, an undersea tunnel, and four artificial islands. It is both the longest sea-crossing and the most extended open-sea fixed link in the world. The HZMB spans the Lending and Jiuzhou channels, connecting Hong Kong, Macau, and Zhuhai—three major cities on the Pearl River Delta and is one of the top 10 megaprojects in the world.

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The HZM Bridge was designed to last for 120 years and cost 127 billion yuan (US$18.8 billion) to build. The cost of constructing the Main Bridge was estimated at 51.1 billion yuan (US$7.56 billion), funded by bank loans, and shared among the governments of mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. Hopewell Holdings founder and then-managing director Gordon Wu proposed the concept of a bridge tunnel linking China, Hong Kong, and Macau in the 1980s. Wu stated that he got the idea in 1983 from the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. In 1988, Wu pitched the concept to Guangdong and Beijing officials. He envisaged a link farther north than the current design, beginning at Black Point near Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, and crossing the Pearl River estuary via Neilingding Island and Qi'ao Island. His proposed bridge would have ended at the Chinese village of Tangjia, and a new road would have continued south through Zhuhai before terminating at Macau.

The route proposed by Wu was promoted by the Zhuhai government under the name Lingdingyang Bridge. In the mid-1990s, Zhuhai built a bridge between the mainland and Qi'ao Island intended as the first phase of this route, though the whole scheme had not been approved by either the Chinese or Hong Kong governments at that time. China's central government showed support for this project on 30 December 1997. The new Hong Kong government was reluctant, stating that it was still awaiting cross-border traffic study results, and Hong Kong media questioned the environmental impact of the project with regard to air pollution, traffic, and marine life

In December 2001, the Legislative Council of Hong Kong passed a motion urging the Administration to develop the logistics industry, including constructing a bridge connecting Hong Kong, Zhuhai, and Macao. In September 2002, the China/Hong Kong Conference on Co-ordination of Major Infrastructure Projects agreed to a joint study on a transport link between Hong Kong and Pearl River West To coordinate the project, the Advance Work Coordination Group of HZMB was set up in 2003. Officials from three sides solved issues such as landing points and alignments of the bridge, operation of the Border Crossing Facilities, and project financing.

In August 2008, China's Central Government, the governments of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau, agreed to finance 42 percent of the total costs. The remaining 58% consisted of loans (approximately 22 billion yuan or US$3.23 billion) from the Bank of China. In March 2009, it was further reported that China's Central Government, Hong Kong, and Macau agreed to finance 22 percent of the total costs. The remaining 78 percent consisted of loans (approximately 57.3 billion yuan or US$8.4 billion) from a consortium of banks led by the Bank of China. Originally set to be opened to traffic in late 2016, the structure was completed on 6 February 2018, and journalists were subsequently taken for a ride over the bridge. On 24 October 2018, the HZMB was opened to the public after its inauguration a day earlier by Chinese leader Xi Jinping The 55km crossing consists of three cable-stayed bridges and link roads in the three cities, reducing the traveling time between Hong Kong and Macau/Zhuhai from an hour's ferry ride to a 40-minute car journey. This is a vital initiative of the Chinese government's plan to drive the Greater Bay Area's economic and social integration, encompassing 11 cities in Southern China, including Hong Kong and Macau.
The main section comprises three navigation channel bridges: Jiuzhou, Jianghai, and Qingzhou. As the link would be prominent from the land, sea, and air, a unique and aesthetic design was highly desired.

All three bridges were proposed to be cable-supported with central towers of various shapes placed between the carriageways to give both a visual affinity and variety between the bridges. From environmental considerations, single-column piers were used to support the structure with piles buried in the seabed.


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