Industrialisation in Indian Economy(positive & negative features) in

Salient Features of Industrial Growth in India during the Planning Period :

Positive Features :
1) Impressive Growth rate: Industrial growth rate achieved in India during the planning period has, on the whole, been quite impressive. Industrial output has been expanded by more than six times since 1951. The overall average industrial growth rate of between 6 to 7 percent attained during the period 1951-2015 is far higher than the agricultural growth rate of about 3 percent, overall economic growth rate of about 4 to 5 percent and the population growth rate of about 1.6 percent.
(2) Predominant Role of the State :
The State has played a predominant role in the rapid industrial development of the country during the planning period. It was the State which has taken the necessary lead and initiative in the development of the infrastructure alongwith basic and key industries. Besides, it has also made an important contribution in expanding facilities for technical education and training, scientific research and the adoption of modern technology.
(3) Phenomenal Growth of the Public Sector:
A striking feature of the changing industrial pattern during the planning period has been a phenomenal growth of the public sector, particularly in the area of infrastructure alongwith basic and key industries. The "commanding sectors" & "strategic heights of the economy are in the domain of the public sector.
(4) A Well-Diversified Industrial Structure : There has been a considerable diversification of industrial structure since the commencement of the second plan. Apart from the traditional consumer goods industries like textiles, jute, sugar, Vanaspati etc. there has been a remarkable development of basic and heavy industries like steel, cement, coal, fertiliser, machine building, heavy electricals, heavy chemicals, heavy engineering, petroleum, non-ferrous metals, arms and ammunitions etc.
(5)Increase in the Share of Industrial Sector in the Gross Domestic Product: There has been a considerable increase in the relative share of
the secondary sector in our gross domestic product during the planning period. Thus, for example, the share of secondary sector industry and mining etc.) in our gross domestic product which was about 16 percent in 1950-51, increased to about 29.73 percent in 2018-19. Correspondingly, there has been a decline in the relative share of agriculture from about 56 percent in 1950-51 to about 15.8 percent in 2018-19.
(6) Prospects for Future Industrial Growth:
Apart from several positive and healthy developmental feature discussed above, the prospects of future industrial growth appear to be immense. The new Industrial policy and the programme of economic reforms initiated since July 1991 has brought to the fore the competitive strength and resilience of the industrial sector. After a brief spell of restructuring and consequent lower growth rates, the industrial sector seems to have been growing at impressive rates.
(7) Rural India Has Been Found To Be Ahead of Urban India In the Matter of Industrialisation :
According to the Economic Census Report, 2005, of the total number of industrial units in the country, the rural areas accounted for about 61.30 % of total industrial units, while the urban areas accounted for about 38.70 % of the total units.

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