Computer Network | Computer Network basics | Computer Network Introduction

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Computer Network
A computer network is a group of two or more interconnected computers that can share data and resources, such as files, printers, and internet connections. The purpose of a network is to enable communication between devices and to facilitate sharing of resources.

Here are key components and features of a computer network:
Components of a Computer Network:
Devices (Nodes): These are the individual computers, printers, routers, switches, and other devices connected in a network.
Transmission Medium: The physical medium that carries the data, such as cables (Ethernet, fiber-optic), or wireless technologies (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth).
Network Interface Cards (NICs): Hardware that connects a device to the network.
Switches and Routers: Devices that manage traffic between devices in a network or between networks. Switches work within a LAN, while routers connect different networks.
Server: A computer that provides services like file storage, web hosting, email, or data management to other devices (clients) on the network.

Protocols:
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): The foundational communication protocol used to transmit data over the internet and in most networks.
HTTP/HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring web pages and data over the internet.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files between computers on a network.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used for email communication.

Topologies:
Bus Topology:
Star Topology:
Ring Topology:
Mesh Topology:
Hybrid topology:

Benefits of a Computer Network:
Resource Sharing: Allows sharing of hardware (printers, scanners) and software.
Communication: Enables easy communication between devices via email, messaging, video calls, etc.
Centralized Data Management: Easy access to files and data stored on central servers.
Cost Savings: By sharing resources, networks can reduce the overall cost of devices and software.

Security in Networks:
Firewalls: Protect the network from unauthorized access and threats.
Encryption: Secures data transmission by converting data into an unreadable format for protection.
Authentication: Ensures only authorized users can access network resources.
VPNs (Virtual Private Networks): Securely connect users to a network over the internet, providing encryption and privacy.

There are several types of computer networks, each designed for specific purposes based on size, range, and functionality.
Here are the main types:
Personal Area Network (PAN):
Local Area Network (LAN):
Wide Area Network (WAN):
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):
Campus Area Network (CAN):
Storage Area Network (SAN):
Virtual Private Network (VPN):
Global Area Network (GAN):

Each type has its own characteristics depending on the range, technology, and use case.
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