Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

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1. Proxy ARP
A technique in which one network device (usually a router) answers ARP requests on behalf of another device.

2. Gratuitous ARP
An ARP broadcast used by a device to announce or update its own IP-to-MAC mapping without being requested.

3. ARP Spoofing / Poisoning
A network attack technique where an attacker sends fake ARP messages to associate their MAC address with another device’s IP address.

4. Cache Invalidation
The process of removing or updating outdated entries in the ARP cache to maintain correct IP–MAC associations.

5. Reverse ARP (RARP)
A protocol used by a device to request its own IP address from a gateway or server when it only knows its MAC address.