Social Comparison Theory (Explained in 3 Minutes)

Social comparison theory is a psychological concept that explores how individuals evaluate themselves by comparing their abilities, achievements, and characteristics to others. Proposed by psychologist Leon Festinger in the mid-twentieth century, the theory posits that people engage in social comparisons to reduce uncertainty about their own abilities and to determine their social and personal value. These comparisons can be upward, comparing oneself to those perceived as better, or downward, comparing oneself to those perceived as worse, and they significantly influence self-esteem and motivation.

The theory highlights the dual impact of social comparisons. Upward comparisons can inspire growth and goal-setting but may also lead to feelings of inadequacy if the gap seems unattainable. Downward comparisons can provide comfort and boost self-esteem but might also foster complacency. Social comparison theory is particularly relevant in the age of social media, where constant exposure to curated images and achievements intensifies the tendency to compare oneself to others. Understanding this theory can help individuals develop healthier ways to assess themselves and build resilience in the face of external influences.