Flexion and Extension Anatomy: Shoulder, Hip, Forearm, Neck, Leg, Thumb, Wrist, Spine, Finger

Flexion and extension are body movement terms in anatomy (body plans of motion). These movements are classified as angular movements, which I find helpful when visualizing flexion and extension.

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During flexion, the angle between two structures decreases, or gets smaller, as the two structures bend or move closer together. During extension, the angle between two structures increases, or gets larger, as the two structures straighten or move apart.

Flexion and extension movements can occur at a several joints. In this video, I demonstrate flexion and extension at the following locations:

-Forearm (or elbow) flexion and extension
-Arm (shoulder) flexion and extension
-Wrist (hand) flexion and extension
-Finger (digit) flexion and extension
-Interphalangeal joint flexion and extension (finger and thumb)
-Thumb (pollex) flexion and extension
-Thigh (hip) flexion and extension
-Leg (knee) flexion and extension
-Toe/hallux flexion and extension
-Head (neck) flexion and extension
-Vertebral column (spine) flexion and extension

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