AP Physics 2 - Statistical Interpretation of Entropy.
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Загружено: 2025-11-18
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This increase in entropy means we have moved to a less orderly situation. It is not impossible for further tosses to produce the initial state of 60 heads and 40 tails, but it is less likely. There is about a 1 in 90 chance for that decrease in entropy ( –2.7×10–23J/K
) to occur. If we calculate the decrease in entropy to move to the most orderly state, we get ΔS=–92×10–23J/K
. There is about a 1 in 1030
chance of this change occurring. So while very small decreases in entropy are unlikely, slightly greater decreases are impossibly unlikely. These probabilities imply, again, that for a macroscopic system, a decrease in entropy is impossible. For example, for heat transfer to occur spontaneously from 1.00 kg of 0ºC
ice to its 0ºC
environment, there would be a decrease in entropy of 1.22×103J/K
. Given that a ΔS of 10–21J/K
corresponds to about a 1 in 1030
chance, a decrease of this size ( 103J/K
) is an utter impossibility. Even for a milligram of melted ice to spontaneously refreeze is impossible.
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