Genetic Code | Frame-Shift Mutation | Triplet Code | Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine

Here again, with an exciting Genetics video stuffed with in-depth knowledge.

In this topic, we will discuss the amino acid genetic code, the genetic code for protein synthesis, and the genetic codes for mitochondria and the nucleus.

▬ 📌 Genetic Code ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
The genetic code is a combination of 3 nucleotides, which specify a particular amino acid.

▬ 📌 General Features of Genetic Code ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Before we consider the various analytical approaches that led to our current understanding of the genetic code, let’s summarize the general features that characterize it.

👉 Linear Form
The genetic code is written in linear form.

👉 Triplet Code
Each “word” within the messenger RNA consists of three ribonucleotide letters, thus representing a triplet code.

👉 Unambiguous
Each triplet specifies only a single amino acid.

👉 Degenerate
Given that amino acids can be specified by more than one triplet codon

👉 Start and Stop Signals
The code contains one “start” and three “stop” signals.

👉 Commaless
No internal punctuation, such as a comma, is used in the code. Thus, the code is said to be comma-less.

▬ 📌 Triplet Code ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
The genetic code is a combination of 3 nucleotides, which specify a particular amino acid. There are four nucleotides, or bases, in DNA, which are:
🟢 Adenine
🟢 Guanine
🟢 Cytosine
🟢 Thymine

▬ 📌 Frameshift Mutation ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
In the early 1960s, Sydney Brenner argued on theoretical grounds that the code had to be a triplet since three-letter words represent the minimal use of four letters to specify 20 amino acids.

👉 One or Two Nucleotides
Crick and his colleagues found that the gain or loss of one or two nucleotides caused a Frameshift Mutation.

👉 Three Nucleotides
Three nucleotides were involved, for example, cytosine adenine, and guanine. the frame of reading was reestablished. This would not occur if the code were anything other than a triplet.

▬ 📌 Non-Sense Codons ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Codons that do not code for any amino acid are known as nonsense codons. They are:
🟣 UAA
🟣 UAG
🟣 UGA

▬ 📌 Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
There are many Differences in the genetic code of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. But to understand these differences, you have to watch the video.

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