Hydrogen Chloride | Ammonia | Sulphuric Acid | ICSE Class 10 |

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Hydrogen Chloride | Ammonia | Sulphuric Acid | ICSE Class 10 | ‪@sirtarunrupani‬
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Syllabus for Hydrogen Chloride:~
Hydrogen chloride: preparation of hydrogen chloride from sodium chloride; refer to the density and solubility of hydrogen chloride (fountain experiment); reaction with
ammonia; acidic properties of its solution.
 Preparation of hydrogen chloride from sodium chloride; the laboratory method
of preparation can be learnt in terms of reactants, product, condition, equation,
diagram or setting of the apparatus, procedure, observation, precaution, collection of the gas and identification.
 Simple experiment to show the density of the gas (Hydrogen Chloride) –heavier than air.
 Solubility of hydrogen chloride (fountain experiment); setting of the apparatus, procedure, observation, inference
 Method of preparation of hydrochloric acid by dissolving the gas in water- the
special arrangement and the mechanism by which the back suction is avoided
should be learnt.  Reaction with ammonia
 Acidic properties of its solution - reaction with metals, their oxides, hydroxides and carbonates to give their chlorides; decomposition of carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, sulphides, sulphites.
 Precipitation reactions with silver nitrate solution and lead nitrate solution.

Syllabus for Ammonia:~
Ammonia: its laboratory preparation from ammonium chloride and collection; ammonia from nitrides like Mg3N2 and AlN and ammonium salts. Manufacture by Haber’s Process; density and solubility of ammonia (fountain experiment); aqueous solution of ammonia; its reactions with hydrogen chloride and with hot copper (II) oxide and chlorine; the burning of ammonia in oxygen; uses of ammonia.
 Laboratory preparation from ammonium chloride and collection; (the preparation
to be studied in terms of, setting of the apparatus and diagram, procedure, observation, collection and identification)
 Ammonia from nitrides like Mg3N2 and AlN using warm water. Ammonia from ammonium salts using alkalies. The reactions to be studied in terms of reactants, products, conditions and equations.
 Manufacture by Haber’s Process.
 Density and solubility of ammonia (fountain experiment).  The burning of ammonia in oxygen.
 The catalytic oxidation of ammonia (with conditions and reaction)
 Its reactions with hydrogen chloride and with hot copper (II) oxide and chlorine (both chlorine in excess and ammonia in excess).
All these reactions may be studied in terms of reactants, products, conditions, equations and observations.
 Aqueous solution of ammonia - reaction with sulphuric acid, nitric acid,
hydrochloric acid and solutions of iron(III) chloride, iron(II) sulphate, lead
nitrate, zinc nitrate and copper sulphate
.  Uses of ammonia - manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, nitric acid, refrigerant gas (Chlorofluro carbon – and its suitable alternatives which are non- ozone depleting), and cleansing agents




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