What does the collapse of the Ba'ath Party in Syria signify?

As of December 8, 2024, the 61-year Baath regime in Syria has ended, and a brand new page has opened. So, what exactly collapsed? How was the establishment of the Baath, its ideology, and its relations with the outside world? In this video of the GZT 10/ON Middle East series, we will take a closer look at the Baath, based on the need to understand the past in order to better foresee what will happen next…

The Baath Party. Its full name. Hizb’ul Ba’ath al-Arabi al-Istiraki. Or in its full Turkish equivalent, the Arab Socialist Resurrection Party. As its name suggests, the Baath Party was the representative of an ideology that was a blend of two ideological currents; nationalism and socialism. Of course, the two ideological parts of the blend had already been transferred from the Western geography, where they were born, to the Arab geography by the end of the 19th century, long before the Baath was founded. Let's leave the story of this move to another video we will prepare in the future and look at how these two different ideologies are understood by the Baath Party...

The first article of the party's statute clearly expresses the most fundamental principle of the party. "The Arabs are a single nation. It is the most natural right of this nation to live under a single state and to freely determine its own destiny." With this statement, it is necessary to distinguish the nationalism of the Baath Party from the local nationalisms that flourished in the Arab world in the same period, which is defined by the word 'wataniyya'. Such as Egyptian nationalism, Syrian nationalism, and Palestinian nationalism. Baath nationalism, on the other hand, is an ethnic-based nationalism, which is defined by the word 'kawmiyya', and advocates the independence of all Arabs and their unification under a single political roof. In fact, the party statute describes the party as "harakat qawmiyya". Let's note that the statute uses the word 'ummah' to represent the word 'nation'.

The party statute also describes the Baath as a ‘socialist’, or in Arabic, ‘participatory’, party. This word is derived from the root ‘şe-re-qe’, meaning sharing in Arabic, and means ‘being a partner’, which is similar to its Turkish usage. However, this should not be confused with communism. Baath socialism is an ideology that does not oppose private property, but advocates more equal distribution, and is different from communism, which advocates public property. It also differs from communism, which emphasizes class conflict, in its emphasis on fraternity among members of society. However, we should also add that the Baath’s socialism is also far from a social democratic line. According to its statute, the Baath party is a revolutionary party. The construction of a socialist order is only possible through revolution and struggle.

00:00 Introduction
00:38 What is the ideology of the Baath Party?
02:44 The birth of the Baath Party
03:43 How did the party unite and turn to the left come about?
05:45 What was the turning point for the founders of the Baath Party?
06:43 Syria's unification with Egypt and the disappointment
09:11 The Baath's rise to power and the Hafez al-Assad era
12:59 The relationship between the Baath regime and the Syrian Brotherhood
15:16 The Bashar al-Assad era
17:31 Syria's relationship with Iran and Russia
19:52 Syria's relationship with Turkey


note: Our AI-generated voiceovers aim to emulate the original speaker but may not fully capture language nuances or intricacies despite our efforts for accuracy and quality.

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