(50) Pharmacokinetic (Part-16) Route of Drug Excretion (02) | Pharmacology of Drug Excretion | ADME

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Pharmacokinetic- “What does BODY 1 do to the DRUG 2” we have simple interchanged the BODY and DRUG to make a definition. And as per the definition, our body responds to any drug by giving ADME effects.
1. A Stands for - Absorption
2. D stands for - Distribution
3. M stands for - Metabolism
4. E stands for- Elimination

Excretion- Drug excretion is the process of eliminating a drug from the body. A drug, which is either biologically active itself or a prodrug, may be excreted in its original chemical state. Alternatively, all or a portion of a drug may undergo chemical modification and be eliminated as biologically active, or inactive, metabolites. There are several routes for drug elimination from the body, the majority of drugs are eliminated by pathways that involve the kidneys or the liver. Renal excretion plays an important role in eliminating unchanged drugs or their metabolites into the urine.
The kidneys are the principal organs for excreting water-soluble substances. The biliary system contributes to excretion to the degree that drug is not reabsorbed from the GI tract. Generally, the contribution of the intestine, saliva, sweat, breast milk, and lungs to excretion is small, except for exhalation of volatile anaesthetics. Excretion via breast milk may affect the breastfeeding infant

Renal excretion
Renal filtration accounts for most drug excretion. About one-fifth of the plasma reaching the glomerulus is filtered through pores in the glomerular endothelium; nearly all water and most electrolytes are passively and actively reabsorbed from the renal tubules back into the circulation. However, polar compounds, which account for most drug metabolites, cannot diffuse back into the circulation and are excreted unless a specific transport mechanism exists for their reabsorption. Example- glucose, ascorbic acid, and B vitamins

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