Instruction Cycle Explained: Fetch, Decode, & Execute | Computer Organization (COA)

In this video, we explain the Instruction Cycle — the fundamental sequence of steps a CPU performs to execute each instruction in a program. You’ll learn about how the CPU fetches, decodes, and executes instructions and how the registers and control signals work during each stage.



📌 Topics Covered:
✔ What is the Instruction Cycle
✔ Fetch, Decode, and Execute Stages
✔ CPU Registers (PC, IR, MAR, MDR)
✔ Flow of Instruction Cycle
✔ Examples for better understanding


[00:00] - Introduction: Definition of the Instruction Cycle and its importance in Computer Organization.
[02:30] - Basic Phases: Overview of the Fetch, Decode, and Execute stages.
[05:15] - Fetch Phase: How the CPU retrieves instructions from memory using registers like the Program Counter (PC) and Memory Address Register (MAR).
[09:45] - Decode Phase: How the Control Unit interprets the instruction stored in the Instruction Register (IR).
[13:20] - Execute Phase: The actual processing of the data, often involving the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit).
[18:10] - Register Summary: A review of the specific roles of PC, MAR, MDR, and IR throughout the cycle.
[21:00] - Conclusion: Summary of the complete cycle and its repetition.


This video is ideal for Computer Organization & Architecture (COA) students preparing for exams, interviews, or university assignments.

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