CBI Explained: How to Plan Lessons That Integrate Content and Language

In this video, we explore the essentials of Content-Based Instruction (CBI), also known in Europe as Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). You will learn how this approach moves beyond traditional language teaching by integrating subject learning and language development into a single, coherent framework.

What Is Content-Based Instruction?
Unlike traditional EFL or ESL curricula, which are typically organized around grammar points or language functions, CBI is structured around subject-matter content. In this approach, the subject determines the language learners need, rather than the language determining the topic. The goal is for learners to develop both content knowledge and language proficiency at the same time.

The Core Planning Process
Effective content-based instruction follows a clear sequence of pedagogical decisions.
1. Content First
Identify the subject matter and define clear learning objectives.
2. Material Selection
Choose appropriate texts or resources, whether written, visual, or audiovisual. Decide whether materials should be authentic, adapted, or specially created.
3. Task Integration
Design learning tasks that support both conceptual understanding and language development.
4. Logical Staging
Organize activities so they build progressively, while maintaining a consistent focus on form within meaningful communication.

The Central Challenge
The key challenge of Content-Based Instruction is maintaining a careful balance between teaching subject matter and supporting language development. Successful implementation requires thoughtful planning, awareness of learners’ language needs, and deliberate integration of linguistic support throughout each stage of instruction.