What is LPS signaling? | Know Everything | Basic Science Series English

0:00 Introduction
0:15 LPS Recognition
0:37 TLR4 Binding
0:53 MD2 and CD14
1:20 Conformational Changes
2:00 NFkB Transcription
2:35 INF Regulatory Factor 3
3:12 LPS Signalling: Aftermath
3:34 -ve Feedback
4:09 Conclusion

What is LPS signaling | Know Everything | Basic Science Series English
Keywords:
LPS-TLR4 signaling, Lipopolysaccharide inflammation cascade, Toll-like Receptor 4 activation, MD-2 and CD14 co-receptors, MyD88-dependent pathway, TRIF-dependent pathway, NF-κB transcription factor, MAPK pathway signaling, Pro-inflammatory cytokines, Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), Type I interferons response, Macrophages and neutrophils activation, Chemokines in immune response, Negative feedback mechanisms, SOCS and A20 as regulators, Inflammatory response resolution, Immune cell phagocytosis, Clearance of bacterial infections, Cytokine signaling inhibition, Cellular signaling in inflammation.

Unlock the mysteries of immune response with our latest video in the Basic Science Series: "Decoding LPS-TLR4 Signaling." Dive deep into the intricate cascade of inflammation triggered by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a vital component in the immune response against Gram-negative bacterial infections.

In this comprehensive exploration, we unravel the complexities of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) activation, examining the crucial roles of co-receptors MD-2 and CD14 in facilitating LPS binding. Follow the journey of TLR4 through conformational changes, initiating two pivotal signaling pathways: the MyD88-dependent pathway and the TRIF-dependent pathway.

Explore the downstream events, where MyD88 recruits interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), setting off cascades like NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Witness the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus, triggering the expression of pro-inflammatory genes essential for immune cell activation.

Delve into the TRIF-dependent pathway, activating interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and inducing the transcription of genes encoding type I interferons. Understand the critical role of type I interferons in the antiviral response, shaping the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs).

Discover how macrophages and neutrophils, key players in the immune response, are activated in response to LPS signaling. Learn about the production of chemokines that attract these immune cells to infection sites, where they contribute to bacterial clearance through phagocytosis.

Witness the finely tuned resolution of the inflammatory response, guided by negative feedback mechanisms involving proteins like SOCS and A20. These regulators inhibit cytokine signaling, preventing an overly aggressive immune response and safeguarding against excessive inflammation, which can contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.



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