Physiology Lecture 1 | Nervous System | Neuron Structure | PPSC Preparation Lecture 16 |Urdu/Hindi

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Physiology Lecture 1 | Nervous System | Neuron Structure | PPSC Preparation Lecture 16 |Urdu/Hindi

Biological Basis of Behaviour Lecture 1 | Physiology | Nervous System | Neuron Structure |Urdu/Hindi
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Communication in the Nervous System
We will see that the body is controlled by an information highway known as the nervous system, a collection of hundreds of billions of specialized and interconnected cells through which messages are sent between the brain and the rest of the body. The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS), made up of the brain and the spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the neurons that link the CNS to our skin, muscles, and glands.
`We will see that our behavior is also influenced in large part by the endocrine system, the chemical regulator of the body that consists of glands that secrete hormones.
Nervous Tissue: The Basic Hardware
Your nervous system is living tissue composed of cells. The cells in the nervous system fall into two major categories: Glia and Neurons.
Let’s look at neurons first.

Neurons
Neurons are individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information.
The nervous system is composed of approximately 86 billion cells known as neurons Jarrett, 2015).
They are the basic links that permit communication within the nervous system. The vast majority of them communicate only with other neurons. However, a small minority receive signals from outside the nervous system (from sensory organs) or carry messages from the nervous system to the muscles that move the body.
A highly simplified drawing of “typical” neurons is shown in Figure. The soma, or cell body, contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells (soma is Greek for “body”). The rest of the neuron is devoted exclusively to handling information.
The neurons in Figure have a number of branched, feeler-like structures called dendritic trees (dendrite is a Greek word for “tree”). Each individual branch is a dendrite. Dendrites are the parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information. Most neurons receive information from many other cells— sometimes thousands of others—and so have extensive dendritic trees.



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