Oliver Cromwell The Man Who Changed Eng
Автор: saady story
Загружено: 2025-01-29
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(Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) is one of the most prominent political and @military figures in English history. Born in Hertfordshire, he ultimately emerged as a key leader during the English Civil War, playing a decisive role in the dismantling of monarchical rule in England.
Background
**Family and Education**: Cromwell was born into a minor noble family, receiving his education at Grammar School and subsequently at the University of Cambridge.
**Early Life**: Prior to becoming a military leader, Cromwell lived as a landowner, leading a modest life as a farmer and a tradesman.
The English Civil War
**Outbreak of War**: The English Civil War commenced in 1642 between the Royalist forces (supporters of King Charles I) and the parliamentary troops (supporters of Parliament).
**Military Role**: Cromwell joined the parliamentary army in 1640. Over time, he distinguished himself as a brilliant military commander, leading a cavalry unit famously known as the "Ironsides."
**Battle of Naseby**: In 1645, Cromwell directed parliamentary forces to a decisive victory at the Battle of Naseby, a pivotal moment in the conflict.
Republican Period
**Execution of Charles I**: In 1649, following the victory of parliamentary forces, King Charles I was executed, thus heralding the establishment of the English Republic.
**In Command**: Cromwell positioned himself as a principal leader of the republic, securing authority through the organization of the state and governance.
Lord Protectorate
**Absolute Power**: In 1653, Cromwell ascended to the role of Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He established a military government and enacted stringent laws to ensure stability.
**Economic and Social Policies**: Cromwell endeavored to ameliorate the economy and enhance commercial interaction, while striving to achieve religious tolerance.
Death and Legacy
Oliver Cromwell passed away on September 3, 1658. Following his death, monarchy was restored in 1660 with Charles II ascending to the throne.
Legacy
Cromwell's period of rule is viewed as contentious in history. Some regard him as a hero who fought against tyranny, while others see him as a dictator who violated property rights. His legacy spans various domains, including politics, religion, and culture, with his influence continuing to shape political life in England for centuries.)
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