Antiamoebic Drug (Part-02) Metronidazole Pharmacology & Mechanism of Action | Metronidazole

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Amoebiasis, also known as amoebic dysentery, is an infection caused by any of the amoebae of the Entamoeba group. Symptoms are most common during infection by Entamoeba histolytica. Amoebiasis can be present with no, mild, or severe symptoms. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, or bloody diarrhoea. Amoebiasis is a common infection of the human gastrointestinal tract. Amoebiasis is more closely related to poor sanitation and socioeconomic status than to climate.

Symptoms- The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection, diarrhoea and dysentery to fulminant colitis and peritonitis as well as extra-intestinal amoebiasis.
Amoebiasis is caused by parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Several protozoan species in the genus Entamoeba colonize humans, but not all of them are associated with the disease. It exists in two forms- Vegetative (trophozoite) and cystic forms (cyst). Trophozoites multiply and encyst in the colon. The cysts are excreted in stool and are infective to humans. Cysts remain viable and infective for several days in faeces, water, sewage and soil in the presence of moisture and low temperature. E. histolytica lives in the intestines of infected people. It can be passed out in their stools (faeces). Infection often occurs after someone drinks water contaminated by infected faeces or eats food prepared or washed using contaminated water

Antiamoebic Drugs Antiamoebic drugs Metronidazole Tinidazole Diloxanide furoate Iodoquinol Emetine and Dehydroemetine Paromomycin Chloroquine Most antiprotozoal agents have not proved to be safe for pregnant women. Other drugs are – Chloroquine, metronidazole, Tinidazole, Secnidazole, Ornidazole, Satranidazole, emetine, Dehydroemetine, amides, alkaloids, Diloxanide furoate, Nitazoxanide, tetracycline, Paromomycin, Quiniodochlor etc.

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