Scoliosis: Types, Pathology, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Treatment

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Scoliosis: Types, Pathology, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Treatment -
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Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine often accompanied by vertebral rotation, leading to a three-dimensional deformity.
It can be classified into various types based on the cause: Idiopathic scoliosis (most common, often seen in adolescents without a known cause), Congenital scoliosis (due to vertebral anomalies present at birth), Neuromuscular scoliosis (associated with conditions like cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy), and Degenerative scoliosis (occurring in older adults due to spinal degeneration). The pathology involves abnormal growth of the spine, resulting in an imbalanced distribution of forces, which can lead to pain, reduced lung capacity, and mobility issues.
Clinical features include an uneven shoulder or hip height, asymmetry in the rib cage, and visible curvature of the spine when bending forward. Some patients may experience back pain, fatigue, or respiratory issues in severe cases. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, confirmed through imaging techniques such as X-rays (showing the Cobb angle to measure the curve), MRI, or CT scans to assess the severity and underlying causes.
Treatment varies based on the severity and type of scoliosis. Conservative management includes observation for mild cases, bracing to prevent progression in moderate cases, and physical therapy to improve posture and strengthen the muscles supporting the spine. Surgical intervention is considered for severe curves, usually involving spinal fusion to correct and stabilize the spine. The goal is to reduce deformity, alleviate symptoms, and prevent further complications. 💪🩺


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