Understanding RNase A in 60 Seconds

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Ribonuclease A (RNase A) is a digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas that hydrolyzes RNA polymers by specifically cleaving the phosphodiester bonds after pyrimidine residues. This relatively small enzyme, composed of 124 amino acids and including four histidine residues, catalyzes the breakdown of RNA into smaller oligonucleotides. RNase A is a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of approximately 14 kDa and exhibits specificity for single-stranded RNA. It plays a crucial role in regulating RNA degradation, essential for maintaining cellular RNA levels and clearing unused RNA molecules. In molecular biology laboratories, RNase A is widely used for removing RNA contaminants during DNA purification and facilitating the study of RNA structure and function. Its ability to degrade RNA makes RNase A a valuable tool in both research and clinical settings, particularly in techniques involving RNA manipulation and analysis.