Euthanasia Explained | Harish Rana Coma Case | Supreme Court Hearing | Passive Euthanasia in India

Can a person in a permanent coma be allowed to die with dignity?
The Supreme Court of India is currently hearing a crucial petition filed by the parents of Harish Rana, who has been in a coma for the past 13 years after falling from the 4th floor of his hostel building.

In this video, I explain the complete legal framework of euthanasia in India, using the Harish Rana case as the central reference point.

🔍 Topics Covered in This Video:

What is Euthanasia? Meaning and concept

Active Euthanasia vs Passive Euthanasia

Voluntary and Non-Voluntary Euthanasia

Difference between Euthanasia and Murder

Difference between Euthanasia and Suicide

Ethical and constitutional dimensions of ending life

⚖️ Landmark Supreme Court Judgments Explained:

1️⃣ P. Rathinam v. Union of India (1994)
– Supreme Court held that Section 309 IPC (Attempt to Suicide) is unconstitutional
– Right to life under Article 21 includes the right to die

2️⃣ Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab (1996)
– Supreme Court reversed Rathinam
– Reinstated Section 309 IPC
– Held Section 306 IPC (Abetment to Suicide) as constitutional
– Clarified that right to life does NOT include right to die, but left scope for dignity in death

3️⃣ Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug v. Union of India (2011)
– For the first time, Supreme Court recognized passive euthanasia
– Held that Article 21 includes the right to die with dignity
– Laid down safeguards for withdrawing life-support

4️⃣ Common Cause v. Union of India (2018)
– Reiterated the right to die with dignity
– Allowed Passive Euthanasia
– Recognised Living Will / Advance Medical Directive

5️⃣ Common Cause v. Union of India (2023)
– Modified and simplified the procedure
– Made registration and execution of Advance Medical Directives easier

📚 Why This Video is Important:

Helps understand the constitutional position of euthanasia in India

Extremely useful for CLAT, Judiciary, UPSC Law Optional

Relevant for current affairs, ethics, and human rights

Explains how courts balance life, dignity, and medical ethics

👉 This video is a must-watch if you want a clear, case-law-based explanation of euthanasia and the evolving interpretation of Article 21 of the Constitution of India.
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