Arunachal vs China: Why Beijing Now Calls It a ‘Core Interest’ | Big Shift Explained

China has officially elevated Arunachal Pradesh to the category of “core interest”, placing it alongside issues like Taiwan and the South China Sea, according to recent assessments. In Chinese strategy, core interest means no compromise, legitimising pressure tactics and linking territory to national rejuvenation goals by 2049.
Arunachal
Arunachal’s significance lies in its border with Tibet, the Tawang monastery’s religious influence, and vantage over the Siliguri Corridor. Historically, China once viewed the region as negotiable — Zhou Enlai even proposed a swap with Aksai Chin in the 1950s — but India rejected the deal on sovereignty grounds.
Arunachal
Today, the stance has hardened with coercive signals like passport rejections, territorial renaming, and linkages to India–US proximity. For India, this means preparing for long-term strategic competition, stronger border infrastructure, and diplomatic assertion of sovereignty.
A critical topic for UPSC GS2, GS3, IR and border security.

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