الجهبذ | دمشق أموية، حكاية المجد والترف والتنافس والدم!

من قصر عمرة إلى ساحة الأمويين بدمشق، كيف تحولت دمشق إلى قلب الدولة الأموية؟ ولماذا ما يزال صداها يتردد حتى اليوم؟

مصادر الجهبذ:
Shain, Y., & Linz, J. J. (1995).
Between States: Interim Governments and Democratic Transitions.
Why Cited: Introduced the concept of interim governments and their role in democratic transitions.
Rustow, D. A. (1970).
“Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model.”
Why Cited: Shifted democratization studies to micro-level, process-oriented explanations.
Linz, J. J., & Stepan, A. (1996).
Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation.
Why Cited: Defines democratic consolidation as democracy becoming the “only game in town.”

O’Donnell, G., & Schmitter, P. C. (1986).
Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies.
Why Cited: Explores the dynamics of transitions from authoritarianism to democracy.

Huntington, S. P. (1993).
“The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century.”
Why Cited: Identifies modes of transition, including top-down reforms and replacements.

Levitsky, S., & Way, L. A. (2005).
“International Linkage and Democratization.”
Why Cited: Highlights external interventions in democratic transitions.

Paris, R. (2004).
At War’s End: Building Peace After Civil Conflict.
Why Cited: Examines the effects of regime destruction on post-conflict reconstruction.

Jarstad, A. K., & Sisk, T. D. (2008).
From War to Democracy: Dilemmas of Peacebuilding.
Why Cited: Explores dilemmas in peacebuilding and democratization.

Walter, B. F. (2015).
“Why Bad Governance Leads to Repeat Civil War.”
Why Cited: Links governance failures to civil war recurrence.

Cammett, M., & Malesky, E. (2012).
“Power Sharing in Postconflict Societies: Implications for Peace and Governance.”
Why Cited: Discusses the role of power-sharing in post-conflict governance.

Hartzell, C., & Hoddie, M. (2007).
Crafting Peace: Power-sharing Institutions and the Negotiated Settlement of Civil Wars.
Why Cited: Analyzes power-sharing as a tool for peace.

Zürcher, C., et al. (2013).
“In the Shadow of Violence: The Politics of Armed Groups.”
Why Cited: Explores the role of armed groups in political transitions.

Schneider, G., & Wiesehomeier, N. (2008).
“Rules That Matter: Political Institutions and the Diversity–Conflict Nexus.”
Why Cited: Examines how political institutions shape conflicts and governance.

Schedler, A. (2001).
“Taking Uncertainty Seriously: The Blurred Boundaries of Democratic Transition and Consolidation.”
Why Cited: Elaborates on the sequential process of democratization.

Gans-Morse, J. (2004).
“Searching for Transitologists: Contemporary Theories of Post-Communist Transitions and the Myth of a Dominant Paradigm.”
Why Cited: Critiques the dominance of transitology in democratization studies.

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