大徳寺芳春院大仙院

#大徳寺#芳春院#大仙院#daitokuji#houshunin#daisenin#kinmoukaku

今回は一休さんでおなじみの大徳寺をご紹介します。ただ、仏殿など工事中のため大本山そのもののご紹介は少しだけになります。その分、普段は非公開の「芳春院」ならびに常時公開で枯山水庭園で有名な「大仙院」を見ていきます。残念ながら両院とも「撮影禁止」ですので、動画は参道や外観中心で、お庭の動画はありません。すいません。

＜動画の流れ＞
0:00～　　　オープニング
1:04～　　　大徳寺（参道・三門金毛閣）
3:31～　　　芳春院
9:41～　　　大仙院
14:40～　　 エンディング

大徳寺　Daitoku-ji Temple
戦国大名・豪商・茶人ゆかりの本坊と塔頭が並ぶ
The main temple and sub-temples associated with feudal lords, wealthy merchants, and tea ceremony masters are lined up at Daikakuji Temple.

鎌倉で北条氏が執権政治を行っていたころ、宗峰妙超（しゅうほうみょうちょう）が1315年に洛北紫野に小さな庵を結んだのが大徳寺の始まりです。宗峰妙超は持明院統花園天皇、次の大覚寺統後醍醐天皇も深く帰依した僧侶です。
In Kamakura, during the time when the Hojo clan held political power, Shuho Myocho established a small hermitage in the murasakino district of northern Kyoto in 1315, which was the beginning of the Daitokuji temple. Shuho Myocho was a Buddhist monk who was deeply revered by Emperor Gofushimi of the Jimyoin sect and Emperor Godaigo of the Daikakuji sect.

方丈と法堂の寄進を受けて龍寳山大徳禅寺が開かれたのは1326年のことです。後醍醐天皇は大徳寺を五山の上位に着けるよう命じましたが、足利尊氏が幕府を開くと寺勢に陰りがさしてきます。義満の時代には五山十刹の9位にまで落とされたため、幕府の傘下を離れて私寺に復しました。
In 1326, the Ryubozan Daitokuji Zen Temple was established with donations from the abbot's quarters and the Dharma hall. Emperor Godaigo ordered that Daitokuji be ranked higher than the Gozan temples, but when the shogunate was established by Ashikaga Takauji, the temple's power declined. During Yoshimitsu's reign, the temple was demoted to ninth place among the Gozan Jissetsu, so it broke away from the shogunate and became a private temple.

応仁の乱などの戦火ですっかり荒廃していた大徳寺復興の勅命を受けたのは81歳の一休宗純でした。市井に帰依者が多かったおかげで、方丈と仏殿が再建され、一休の墓所として真珠庵が開かれました。
The decree to rebuild the Daitokuji Temple, which had been completely devastated by the wars such as the Onin War, was given to the 81-year-old Zen monk Ikkyu Sojun. Thanks to the many followers he had among the common people, the abbot's quarters and the Buddha hall were reconstructed, and the Pearl An (Shinju-an) was opened as a burial place for Ikkyu.

戦国時代には大名や豪商が開基や檀越（だんおつ・施主）となって多くの塔頭が開かれました。例を挙げると、総見院は織田信長一族、聚光院は三好長慶や千利休、三玄院は石田三成や古田織部、高桐院は細川三斎の墓所です。
江戸時代初期に澤庵宗彭らが復興事業を行い、中期には塔頭24、准塔頭59、末寺は280寺を数えるまでになります。現在は大徳寺と2別院、21の塔頭があります。
During the Sengoku period, many sub-temples were established by daimyos and wealthy merchants who became founders or donors. For example, Sokein was established by Oda Nobunaga's family, Jukoin by Miyoshi Nagayoshi and Sen no Rikyu, Sanganin by Ishida Mitsunari and Furuta Oribe, and Kotoin is the tomb of Hosokawa Sansai.
In the early Edo period, Sawan Soho and others conducted restoration work, and by the middle of the Edo period, there were 24 sub-temples, 59 quasi-sub-temples, and 280 branch temples. Currently, there are two separate temples and 21 sub-temples at Daitokuji.

芳春院は「京の冬の旅」で7年ぶりの公開です。加賀藩主前田利家の正妻まつ（芳春院）が創建した前田家の菩提寺です。吞湖閣は金閣・銀閣・飛雲閣と並ぶ「京の四閣」の1つに数えられる優美な二層楼閣です。小堀遠州が建てたといわれ、「飽雲池」とそこにかかる「打月橋」とともに楼閣山水庭園を造り上げています。芳春院の木造を祀る本堂の前庭「花岸庭」は造園家・中根金作が復元した端正な枯山水庭園です。
Hoshunin is open to the public for the first time in seven years in "Winter Journey in Kyoto." It is the family temple of Maeda Toshiie's wife, Matsudono (Hoshunin), who founded it. Donkokaku is a graceful two-story pavilion that is one of the "Four Towers of Kyoto," along with Kinkaku, Ginkaku, and Hiunkaku. It is said to have been built by Kobori Enshu and was accompanied by a tower, a moon bridge over the "Hounchi" pond, and a mountain and water garden. The front garden of the main hall, which enshrines the wooden statue of Hoshunin, is the "Kagantei Garden," a well-restored dry landscape garden designed by garden designer Nakane Kinsaku.

大仙院は、塔頭の中で最高の格式を誇ります。大仙院は大徳寺北派の総帥で本堂方丈は国宝です。大徳寺では最古の客殿遺構で創建当時の姿をとどめています。「玄関」とか「床の間」を有する建造物では日本最古です。庭園も国宝扱いで国の特別名勝に指定されています。
Daisenin has the highest status among the sub-temples. It is the headquarters of the Daitokuji northern faction, and the main hall and abbot's quarters are national treasures. The oldest guest hall structure in Daitokuji has been preserved in its original form. It is the oldest building in Japan with a "genkan" or "tokonoma." Its garden is also designated as a national treasure and a special scenic spot by the government.


大徳寺のホームページ
http://www.rinnou.net/cont_03/07daitoku/