Recursion in Python Explained | Recursive Functions & Call Stack | MO Academy 2025–2026

Welcome to MO Academy’s Python Full Course (2025–2026)!
In this powerful lesson, we explore one of the most important and advanced concepts in programming — Recursion in Python.

Recursion is a technique where a function calls itself to solve smaller versions of the same problem. It is widely used in problem-solving, algorithms, AI, data structures, mathematics, and competitive programming. Understanding recursion will dramatically improve your logic-building skills and prepare you for advanced programming challenges.

This video is designed to make recursion simple, clear, practical, and beginner-friendly.

📘 What You Will Learn in This Lesson
🔹 1. What Is Recursion?
You will learn:
The concept of self-calling functions
How recursion works step by step
Why recursion is useful in Python
Difference between recursion and loops

🔹 2. Base Case and Recursive Case
The two core parts of recursion:
✔ Base Case → the stopping point
✔ Recursive Case → the repeating step
Examples include:
Greeting recursion
Number countdown
Repeated actions

🔹 3. The Call Stack
You’ll understand:
How functions stack up during recursion
How Python tracks each call
Why stack overflow happens
Memory usage in recursion

🔹 4. Practical Recursion Examples
✔ Factorial calculation
✔ Sum of natural numbers
✔ Fibonacci sequence
✔ Power calculation
✔ Reverse a string using recursion
These examples help you visualize how recursion builds and breaks down problems.

🔹 5. When to Use (and Not Use) Recursion
You will learn:
Advantages of recursion
Disadvantages and limitations
Tail recursion concepts
Recursion vs iteration (while/for loops)

🧠 Why Recursion Matters

Recursion builds your problem-solving foundation and is essential for:
✔ Algorithms & Data Structures
✔ Tree & Graph traversal
✔ Dynamic Programming
✔ Mathematical computing
✔ Coding interviews
✔ AI logic building

Mastering recursion now will give you a competitive edge for 2025–2026 and beyond.

▶️ Next Lessons

➡️ Lambda Functions
➡️ Variable Scope
➡️ Advanced Function Techniques

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