Refraction of Light at Plane Surfaces One Shot | ICSE Physics 2026 |

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Syllabus Of Refraction :-
(i) Refraction of light through a glass block and a triangular prism - qualitative treatment of
simple applications such as real and apparent depth of objects in water and apparent bending
of sticks in water. Applications of refraction of light. Partial reflection and refraction due to
change in medium. Laws of refraction; the effect on speed (V), wavelength (λ) and frequency (f) due to refraction of light; conditions for a light ray to pass undeviated. Values of speed of light (c) in vacuum, air, water and glass; refractive index µ = c/V, V = fλ. Values of µ for common substances such as water, glass and diamond; experimental verification; refraction through glass block; lateral displacement; multiple images in thick glass plate/mirror; refraction through a glass prism, simple applications: real and apparent depth of objects in water; apparent bending of a stick under water. (Simple numerical problems and approximate ray diagrams
required).
(ii) Total internal reflection: Critical angle; examples in triangular glass prisms; comparison with reflection from a plane mirror (qualitative only). Applications of total internal reflection.
Transmission of light from a denser medium (glass/water) to a rarer medium (air) at different angles of incidence; critical angle (C) µ = 1/sin C. Essential conditions for total internal reflection. Total internal reflection in a triangular glass prism; ray diagram, different cases - angles of prism (60º,60º,60º), (60º,30º,90º), (45º,45º,90º); use of right angle prism to obtain δ = 90º and 180º (ray
diagram); comparison of total internal reflection from a prism and reflection from a plane mirror.

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Refraction of Light at Plane Surfaces One Shot | ICSE Physics 2026 | ‪@sirtarunrupani‬

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