A Complete Overview of RAID on GNU/Linux

Title: A Complete Overview of RAID on GNU/Linux
Release date: September 8, 2025
Produced by: Djere Services Group
Homepage: https://djere.com/

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Associated article: https://djere.com/a-complete-overview...

Executive Summary
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) on GNU/Linux provides data redundancy and performance benefits through two main approaches: Hardware RAID and Software RAID. 💾

Hardware RAID relies on a dedicated controller card, configured via the system's BIOS or UEFI. This setup presents a single storage device to the operating system and is managed using vendor-specific utilities.

Software RAID provides greater flexibility and is available in several forms. The most traditional implementation is the kernel's mdadm subsystem, which creates virtual RAID devices like `/dev/mdX`. It's managed with the `mdadm` utility and supports a comprehensive set of standard levels, including RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, and 10.