Alcohol phenol And ether 🔥12th board exams 2026 most important pyqs

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers – Class 12 Chemistry (Board Exam 2026)
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers is one of the most important organic chemistry chapters for Class 12 Board Exam 2026. This chapter deals with the classification, nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical reactions and uses of alcohols, phenols and ethers. Questions from this chapter are frequently asked in RBSE, CBSE and other state boards, making it a high-scoring unit.
Alcohols
Alcohols contain the –OH (hydroxyl) functional group attached to an sp³ hybridised carbon atom. Students learn about primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, their preparation from alkenes, haloalkanes and carbonyl compounds, and important reactions such as oxidation, dehydration, esterification and reaction with sodium. Concepts like Lucas test, oxidation tests and acidity are very important for board exams.
Phenols
Phenols have the –OH group directly attached to an aromatic benzene ring, which makes them more acidic than alcohols. This section covers preparation of phenol, Kolbe’s reaction, Reimer–Tiemann reaction, electrophilic substitution reactions and acidic nature of phenol. Phenols are frequently asked in reason-based and mechanism questions.
Ethers
Ethers contain an –O– (ether) linkage between two alkyl or aryl groups. Students study Williamson ether synthesis, physical properties, and important reactions like cleavage with HI. Ethers are less reactive but are important for conceptual and application-based questions.
Exam Importance (2026)
✔ NCERT-based reactions
✔ Named reactions & conversions
✔ Mechanism & reasoning questions
✔ Short notes & numericals
This chapter is crucial for competitive exams like NEET, JEE (basic level) and for scoring full marks in board exams if prepared with proper reaction tables, mechanisms and practice questions.

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