অতি সহজতে ঘৰতেই কেনেকৈ তামোল পুলি তৈয়াৰ কৰি লব!Betel nut farming in Assam| Tamul kheti|

অতি সহজতে ঘৰতেই কেনেকৈ তামোল পুলি তৈয়াৰ কৰি লব!Betel nut farming in Assam| Tamul kheti


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তামোল পুলি কেনেকৈ ৰোপন কৰিব?
   • তামোল পুলি কেনেকৈ ৰোপন কৰিব? BETEL NUT PLA...  

The arecanut palm is the source of common chewing nut, popularly known as betel nut or Supari. In India it is extensively used by large sections of people and is very much linked with religious practices. India is the largest producer of arecanut and at the same time largest consumer also. Major states cultivating this crop are Karnataka (40%), Kerala (25%), Assam (20%), Tamil Nadu, Meghalaya and West Bengal.

Arecanut- Plant and Bunch ready for Harvest

Harvested bunch, single fruit and nuts

Betel leaves with arecanut and Disposable plates made from areca-Leaves

Climate

The cultivation of arecanut is mostly confined to 28º north and south of the equator.  It grows well within the temperature range of 14ºC and 36ºC and is adversely affected by temperatures below 10ºC and above 40ºC.  Extremes of temperature and wide diurnal variations are not conducive for the healthy growth of the palms.  Arecanut can be grown in areas receiving annual rainfall of 750 mm in Maidan parts of Karnataka to 4,500 mm in Malnad areas of Karnataka.  In areas where there is prolonged dry spell, the palms are irrigated.  Due to its susceptibility to low temperature, a good crop of arecanut cannot be obtained at an altitude of more than 1000 m MSL.

Soil

The largest area under the crop is found in gravelly laterite soils of red clay type.  It can also be grown on fertile clay loam soils.  Sticky clay, sandy, alluvial, brackish and calcareous soils are not suitable for arecanut cultivation.

Varieties

Swarnamangala (VTL-12)


Regular bearer, consistent yielder with homogenous population

Trees are semi tall to tall, stem sturdy with shorter internodes

Having partially drooping crown with well placed bunches

Average no. of bunches/palm/year - 3.90

Color of ripe nuts - Orange to deep yellow

Shape of ripe nuts - Oblong to round and bold

Bearing - By 4th year

Potential yield (kg chali/palm/year) - 6.28

Average yield (kg chali/palm/year) - 3.88

Recovery - High recovery with 26.52% of chali from fresh nut

Recommended regions/areas for cultivation- Irrigated areas of Karnataka and Kerala

Vittal Areca Hybrid- 1 (VTLAH-1)


Hybrid between Hirehalli Dwarf x Sumangala.

Dwarf type with reduced canopy and very sturdy stem.

Super imposition of nodes on the stem gives mechanical support to palms.

Partially drooping crown with well spread leaves.

Moderate yielder but early stabilization in nut yield.

Medium sized oval, yellow to orange nuts.

Average yield (kg chali/palm/year)-     2.54.

Yield (kg/ha)- 5248.

Recovery over fresh nut- 26.45 %.

Specific recommendation for seed production- Artificial crossing is suggested between Hirehalli Dwarf and Sumangala for hybrid seed production. Only sprouts/seedlings will be supplied after sorting and selection in the nursery.

Recommended regions/areas for cultivation- Coastal Karnataka and Kerala.

Harvesting and spraying easy because of the dwarfing nature and lesser cost of cultivation.

Sun scorching and wind damage is minimal due to dwarfing nature.

Raising of Seedlings

Arecanut is propagated only by seeds.  There are four steps in selection and raising of arecanut seedlings viz., selection of mother palms, selection of seed nuts, germination and raising the seedlings and selection of seedlings.

Selection of mother palm

The criteria for the selection of mother palm are; early bearing, regular bearing habit, large number of leaves on the crown, shorter internodes and high fruit set.

Selection of seed nut

Fully ripened nuts having weight of above 35 g should be selected.  The nuts selected should float vertically with calyx-end pointing upwards when allowed to float on water.  These nuts produce the seedlings of greater vigour.



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