What Are Type 1b & Type 1c Supernovae?

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Welcome, my name is Phil, and in this video I explain what Type 1b and 1c supernovae are.

While supernovas can represent the end point to a stars life, it does not mean that they are all created equal. Supernovas like Type 1a (white dwarf & red giant binary) occur due to a thermonuclear reaction. This happens once they reach a mass where their temperature approaches the ignition temperature of carbon, which most white dwarf stars are made of. Type 2 occur when massive stars cease fusion in their cores and can no longer support themselves against gravitational forces. This causes a core collapse which creates a rebound and shockwave through the outer layers.

However, there are a small number of supernovas that appear to be in-between the these two. Type 1b and 1c both show no hydrogen in their spectrum but are thought to be from the core collapse of large star, like type 2. Here, the outer hydrogen (1b) and helium (1c) layers are lost prior to the core collapse supernova. This can make them appear like a type 1a supernova.