Introduction to Sociology CHAPTER 1 CLASS 11 ARTS
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Today I'm gonna talk about : Chapter 1. Introduction to Sociology
1.1 Sociology: Definition and Nature
1.2 Emergence and Scope of Sociology
1.3 Importance of Sociology
Sociology emerged as an independent
and separate discipline only around the
middle of the 19th century. The emergence
of Sociology, no doubt has changed the
approach to the study of human society.
It
became a distinct, unique and young
social science.
The major concern of Sociology is
society, particularly human society, hence
it is popularly known as the science of
society. Hence, it is a social science. It
has acquired a distinct status for itself.
Today, its importance and practical
usefulness is widely recognized all over
the world.
Sociology is an independent social
science which stands on scientific inquiry
of social phenomena. In short, Sociology
is the science of social relationships and
social behavior.
We shall begin with a very simple
question: ‘What is Sociology?’ The answer
is also very simple : ‘Sociology is a study
of man in society’ or ‘Sociology is a
scientific study of social events in society’.
To understand the exact and scientific
definition of Sociology, we first have to
take into account how the word ‘Sociology’
is derived, i.e. the etymology of the word
‘Sociology’. The French philosopher Auguste
Comte is considered to be the ‘Father of
Sociology’. He is accredited with coining
the term Sociology, in 1839. He wrote the
book ‘Positive Philosophy’ and in its
fourth volume he mentioned for the first
time, the word ‘Sociology’.
The etymological meaning of
Sociology is thus ‘the science of society’.
1.1.1 Definitions
1. Auguste Comte : “Sociology is the
science of social order and progress”.
2. George Simmel : “Sociology, is the
science of the forms of human
interrelations”.
3. Oxford Dictionary : Sociology is “the
study of the development, structure,
and functioning of human society”.
However, these definitions indicate three major points:
(i) They emphasise the scientific nature
of Sociology.
(ii) They stress on the relation between
human beings and society.
(iii) It is clear that Sociology is a complex
social science which differs from all
other social sciences
1.1.2 Nature of Sociology
Sociology is a social science; it is a
branch of knowledge that provides us
information about social life of human
beings and society at large. In many
respects Sociology differs from all other
social sciences. To understand the nature
of Sociology, it is essential to look at the
following points:
1. Sociology is an empirical science
2. Sociology is a theoretical and applied science
3. Sociology is a factual science
4. Sociology is a holistic science
1.2 Emergence and Scope of Sociology
To understand the emergence of
Sociology,
we must understand the
relationship between society and ideas.
There is always a link between social
conditions of a period and ideas which
arise and are dominant in that period.
The roots of ideas developed by early
sociologists lies in the social conditions
that prevailed in Europe. The emergence
of Sociology as a scientific discipline can
therefore be traced to that period of
European history which saw such tremendous social, political and economic changes embodied by the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution. This period of change in European society is known as the ‘Enlightenment period’
because it embodied the spirit of the
French philosophers of the 18th century.
Factors that influenced the emergence of Sociology :
1. Commercial Revolution
2. Industrial Revolution
3. The French (Political) Revolution
4. Scientific Revolution
5. Urbanization
1.2.2 Scope of Sociology
Scope is also known as the field of
study. Scope of any subject also refers to
the range of subjects under study. The
subject matter of Sociology is very wide
because all aspects of social interactions
are included in Sociology. The scope of
Sociology can be understood with a brief
introduction to following new areas in
Sociology.
• Bio-Sociology
• Sociology of Art
• Sociology of Market Research
• Visual Sociology
• Diaspora Studies
• Film Studies
• Development Studies
• Cultural Studies
1.3 Importance of Sociology
We can understand the importance of Sociology as follows:
1. Sociology studies society in a scientific manner
2. Sociology gives knowledge about social diversities
3. Sociology develops a scientific approach
4. Sociology is career-oriented
5. Solution to social problems
6. Sociology keeps people updated and alert.
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