ink jet nozzle

Inkjet Nozzle — Level Set Method
Although initially invented to be used in printers, inkjets have been adopted for other application areas, such as within the life sciences and microelectronics. Simulations can be useful to improve the understanding of the fluid flow and to predict the optimal design of an inkjet for a specific application.

The purpose of this application is to adapt the shape and operation of an inkjet nozzle for a desired droplet size, which depends on the contact angle, surface tension, viscosity, and density of the injected liquid. The results also reveal whether the injected volume breaks up into several droplets before merging into a final droplet at the substrate.

The fluid flow is modeled by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations together with surface tension, using the level set method to track the fluid interface.
How an ink jet printer works
Eric Hanson Hewlett Packard Laboratories



Ink jet printers are the most common type of printing devices used in home environments, and they are also frequently used personal printers in offices. There are two key reasons for the widespread adoption of ink jet printers: low purchase price and very impressive image quality that equals or exceeds that of traditional photographic film.

At the heart of an ink jet printer are a large number of high-precision microscopic nozzles which eject ink onto the paper. These nozzles are typically about 10 micrometers in diameter (roughly 1/10th of the diameter of a human hair). It is not unusual for a home ink jet printer to contain thousands of nozzles in all, several hundred for each color of ink. The diameter of each of these nozzles is fabricated with sub-micrometer accuracy to achieve consistent and uniform ink drop volume, which is essential for consistent and uniform color density on the page. Several different precision micro-fabrication techniques for ink jet nozzles are employed in commercial production, including electroforming, laser ablation, anisotropic etching, and photolithography. For each color of ink, all of the nozzles on the carriage are typically formed in a single fabrication step to precisely control their relative positions, which is important to achieve uniform print without banding. In some cases, all of the nozzles for every color of ink are formed together in a single step. The nozzles are all formed as orifices through a single planar sheet of a material. This material is selected for its compatibility with the particular fabrication method chosen.
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