Class 11 Biology | Plant Kingdom - IX

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In this video (Page 9 of Chapter 3 – The Plant Kingdom), we cover the final part of Bryophytes — focusing on Liverworts and the Economic Importance of Bryophytes.
Understand their structure, reproduction, and uses with clear, NCERT-based explanations — perfect for NEET 2025 and CBSE Class 11 Biology students.

📚 Topics Covered (Page 9):

🍃 1️⃣ Liverworts (Division Hepaticopsida):

Found in moist, shaded environments (rocks, tree bark, damp soil).

The plant body is thalloid, dorsiventrally flattened, and green.

Attached to substratum by unicellular rhizoids.

Example: Riccia, Marchantia.

🌱 Structure & Reproduction:

Gametophyte (n): Main plant body; photosynthetic and independent.

Asexual Reproduction:

By fragmentation or gemmae (found in gemma cups in Marchantia).

Sexual Reproduction:

Male sex organs – antheridia, female – archegonia.

Fertilization → zygote (2n) → sporophyte → spores → new gametophyte.

💰 2️⃣ Economic Importance of Bryophytes:

Soil Formation: Lichens and mosses initiate rock weathering.

Soil Conservation: Moss carpets reduce erosion by binding soil.

Water Retention: Sphagnum (peat moss) retains moisture, used in horticulture.

Fuel Source: Peat from Sphagnum used as fuel in cold regions.

Medicinal Uses: Some liverworts possess antibacterial compounds.

Ecological Importance: Help in succession and maintain humidity in forests.

💡 Highlights:

Concept-based learning with clear life cycle diagrams

Covers NEET PYQs on Marchantia & Sphagnum

Based on Nectar Education Class 11 Biology Book & NCERT Biology

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📺 Previous Video: Bryophytes – Mosses (Structure & Life Cycle) (Page 8)

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