BOTSWANA: From Underdog to Top Dog – The Most Prosperous Country in Africa

Botswana, a landlocked country in Southern Africa, consistently ranks as one of the most prosperous and stable nations on the continent. This achievement is even more remarkable considering that, at independence in 1966, Botswana was one of the world’s poorest countries. Today, it stands out as a model of good governance, economic management, and social stability, while many African countries with similar resources struggle with instability, corruption, and economic stagnation. But what explains Botswana’s success story?

To better appreciate just how far Botswana has come, it is crucial to shed light on the country's colonial history. Before British protection in 1885, the region now known as Botswana was called Bechuanaland. Unlike other colonial territories seized for economic gain, Bechuanaland held little economic appeal. It lacked the rich resources—such as gold and fertile land—that enticed the British to invest heavily in regions like South Africa and Zimbabwe. Instead, Bechuanaland's significance lay solely in its strategic location. Positioned between British-occupied South Africa and territories to the north, it served as a buffer zone against potential German encroachment from the west (present-day Namibia). To the British, Bechuanaland was a low-maintenance addition to their empire, one that required little oversight or investment but provided a valuable safeguard for regional interests.
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