Geostationary & Polar Satellites | Kepler's 3rd law | satellite orbital velocity and total energy

In this video, we will discuss about the earth satellites. earth has one natural satellite moon. moon has time period of rotation and revolution to be equal around 27.3 days and almost circular orbitals, this kind of orbit is called geosynchronous orbit.
Artificial satellites are of two types geostationary and polar satellite. we will derive the Kepler's 3rd law with the help of newton's universal law of gravitation. thereafter we will calculate the orbital velocity and respective kinetic energy of a satellite. potential energy of a satellite increase radially while kinetic energy and orbital velocity decrease radially. whereas the total energy of the orbital motion is negative and constant. negative total energy indicate that the satellite is in bounded motion around earth.
for circular orbit kinetic and potential energies are conserved separately. total energy decrease radially. E=PE/2=-KE.
Satellites having revolution time period equal to the rotational time period of earth i.e., 24 hours are geostationary satellites and they always remain stationary at a particular location on earth. 35800km is the required orbital radius for the geostationary satellites and require high energies to place them in this much height. Radio signals can easily be reflected back from the ionosphere but high frequency signal can't, that's why, Geostationary satellites are used in telecommunication, TV signals. INSAT group is the typical example of geostationary satellites. while polar satellites are placed at 500 to 800km with 100min of time period. Geostationary satellites move around the earth's axis of rotation while polar satellite move form north pole to south pole and south pole to north pole. polar satellites can scan earth surface in multiple strips and have potential application in remote sensing, meteorology, environmental science and astronomy. Rohini series, Aryabhata, polar satellites are some well known polar satellites.


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