All is PERFECTO in Spanish: learn the present perfect tense

Do you want to learn how to form the present perfect (pretérito perfecto) in Spanish? Then this lesson is for you. Here You’ll learn how to form and use this Spanish tense in a quick and easy way. This is Spanish lesson for beginner level students with many sentences as example (translated in English) with questions and indications that could come in handy on everyday life when writing and speaking spanish. Learn Spanish on YouTube.

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Here is the transcription of the video:

learn about the past in Spanish

Don’t worry. Everything will be perfect.

We’ll learn the perfect tense in Spanish, more specifically the present perfect indicative. El pretérito perfecto.

EL PERFECTO for short.

But we’ve already made several videos about the past in Spanish. Why more of this topic?

Because it is extremely important when you’re learning Spanish.

And if you need help with the other past tenses in Spanish, you can watch other videos about it.
The links are below in the video description!

Good! Let’s go!!

EL PRETÉRITO PERFECTO!
When we talk about past actions that have an impact on or a connection to the present.

What? But what has happened in the past has already passed, how can that have any impact--?

That always depends on the speaker. In the head of the speaker the action is connected with the present moment.

Maybe it happened today: HOY
This week: esta semana.
This month: este mes.
This year: este año.

Este año hemos aprendido mucho español.

Aaah then when I use the PRETÉRITO PERFECTO, I always need such signal words as


Hoy
Esta semana
Este mes


They can always help you, in order to provide some context, but it does not have to be that way. As I said, it is mostly what the speaker thinks. But yes ... when you talk in PERFECTO, signal words like these can help you.


If something happened recently (HACE UN MOMENTO, HACE POCO ...) we are more flexible and you can use INDEFINIDO instead, another past tense that you--


EEEEH let’s stay with EL PERFECTO, thanks!!


OK! For the PERFECTO you need two things: the verb HABER (to have) conjugated as an auxiliary verb in PRESENTE, the present tense, and the past participle (participio) of a second verb.


HABER in PRESENTE:
Yo he
Tú has
Él, ella, usted ha
Nosotros, nosotras hemos
Vosotros, vosotras habéis
Ellos, ellas, ustedes han


And the participation?


The what now? The past participle. El participio.


Yeah, yeah, that…


That's when the verbs have either -ADO or -IDO at the end, right?


Exactly! If the verb has -AR at the end when it is not conjugated, the past participle ends with -ADO.


HABLAR - HABLADO
TRABAJAR - TRABAJADO
PASAR - PASADO


Very good!
If the verb has either -ER or -IR at the end, the past participle ends with -IDO.


COMER - COMIDO
BEBER - BEBIDO
VIVIR - VIVIDO
ESCRIBIR - ESCRIBIDO


ERROR, ERROR, ERROR, ERR


Oh come on! What now?


Escribido does not exist. We say “escrito”. The verb ESCRIBIR has an irregular participio.


Aaach! Always these irregular verbs!


Yeah, some verbs have irregular participio. They usually end in either -SO or -CHO, but mostly -TO


VER - VISTO
PONER - PUESTO
ABRIR - ABIERTO
IMPRIMIR - IMPRESO
DECIR - DICHO
HACER - HECHO

they’re not that many. You can learn them quickly.


Ok, then now do you say "I have done my homework" in Spanish?


Hmmm .. yo he .... TO MAKE is HACER in Spanish, so hacido-


ERROR, ERROR!


Oh!! HACER is also irregular!


MADE in Spanish is HECHO.


Then ... yo he hecho la tarea.
Yo he hecho la tarea.


"Qué has dicho?

Yo he hecho la tarea.

¿Qué has hecho esta semana?

Yo he ido al cine.


Yo he trabajado.


Yo he comprado...


Very good ... just ... try to get used to not conjugating the verbs in Spanish so often with personal pronouns and when one word ends with a vowel and the other begins with a vowel to pronounce them together.


How?


"He ido al cine" instead of "he ... ido ... al cine."


He trabajado.


Hey comido mucho.


Aaaah!


Remember that! HE means "I have ..." when we speak in PERFECTO.


He estudiado
He comprado
He hecho ....


María ha aprobado el examen.

María y Rosa ya han reservado el hotel.

Muy buenos ejemplos. Very good examples! This is very similar to the present perfect in English.


María y Rosa ya han reservado el hotel.

And is it true that you only need the PERFECTO in Spain and not in Latin America?


Aaah, always this question! No, that is not correct. In Spain people tend to use the PRETÉRITO PERFECTO more often than in Latin America, but in Latin America it is used quite normally and often as well.

"Qué ha pasado?


Hemos aprendido sobre el pretérito perfecto en español.


Entonces la lección ha terminado.

Muchas gracias!

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