To prepare & submit sulphur ointment

To prepare & submit sulphur ointment

Requirements:
Apparatus: water bath, tripod stand, china dish, spatula, glass rod etc.
Chemicals: wool fat, hard paraffin, yellow soft paraffin, cetosteryl alcohol, water, sulphur, etc
Theory:
Semisolid dosage forms: are products of semi-solid consistency and applied to skin or mucous membranes for a therapeutic or protective action or cosmetic function.
They may be medicated (containing therapeutic agents) or non-mediacated (used for their physical effects as protectants , lubriants and emollients).
They contain one or more active ingredients dissolved or uniformly dispersed in a suitable base and any suitable excipients such as emulsifiers, viscosity increasing agents, anti microbial agents, antioxidants, or stabilizing agents etc.
Pharmaceutical semisolid dosage preparations include :ointments, pastes, cream, plasters, gels etc.

Ointments
An ointment is a viscous semisolid preparation used topically on a variety of body surfaces.
These include the skin and the mucus membranes of the eye (an eye ointment), vagina, anus, and nose.
Since they are of greasy nature, so they stain cloths, are generally poor solvent for most drugs, and usually decrease the drug delivery capabilities of the system.
An ointment may or may not be medicated.
Typically used as: - Emollients to make skin more pliable - Protective barriers - Vehicles in which to incorporate medication.
Medicated ointments primarily consist of a drug and a vehicle called a base.
Examples on medicated ointments:
Ophthalmic ointments
Rectal Ointment: it is used for the symptomatic relief against anal and peri-anal pruritus, pain and inflammation associated with hemorrhoids, anal fissure, fistulas and proctitis .
For intrarectal use, apply the ointment with the help of special applicator .
Ointments-Bases
Semisolid bases do not only act as the carriers of the medicaments, but they also control the extent of absorption of medicaments incorporated there in .
An ointment base should be compatible with skin, stable, smooth, non-irritating, non-sensitizing, inert, capable of absorbing water or other liquid preparations, and of releasing the incorporated medicament, readily .
A base for ophthalmic semisolids must be non-irritating to the eye, and it should also be sterilizable conveniently.
Ointment bases may be classified in several ways but the following classification based on composition is generally used which are as follow:
A) Oleaginous (hydrocarbon) bases .
B) Absorption bases.
C) Emulsion bases (water-removable bases).
D) Water soluble bases .
Appropriate Selection of Ointment Base:
Selection of ointment base depends on the following :
1-Desired release rate of the drug substance from the ointment base .
2-Rate and extent of topical or percutaneous drug absorption .
3-Desirability of occlusion of moisture from skin .
4-Stability of the drug in the ointment base .
5-Effect of drug on the consistency of base .
6-Easy removal of base on washing .
7-Characteristic of the surface to which it is applied .
Examples:
a) An ointment is usually applied to a dry scaly skin.
b) A cream is applied to weeping or oozing surfaces.
c) A lotion is applied to intertriginous areas or where friction may occur a between thighs or under armpits.
Observation:
Appearance: smooth, yellow soft paste.

Result:- 20gm of Sulphur ointment was prepared & submitted.