Pureline Selection/Breeding Methods (PART-4)

Pureline Selection
In pureline is the progeny of a single, homozygous, self-pollinated plant.
As a result, all the individuals within a pureline have identical genotype, and any variation present within a pureline is solely due to the environment.
In pure line selection, a large number of plants are selected from a self-pollinated crop and harvested individually; individual plant progenies from them are evaluated, and the best progeny is released as a pureline variety.
Therefore, pure line selection is also known as individual plant selection.
Characteristics of Purelines
All the plants within a pureline have the same genotype as the plant from which the pureline was derived since the parent plant was homozygous and self-fertilized.
Therefore, variation present within a pureline is due to the environment and nonheritable, and selection within a pureline will generally not be effective,
Purelines become genetically variable with time due to mechanical mixture, natural hybridization and mutation.
Mechanical mixture and natural hybridization can be prevented by careful handling of purelines. However, spontaneous mutations would produce genetic variability in due course of time. Therefore, purity of purelines has to be maintained through regular mass selection.
Uses of Purelines
As a Variety, A superior pureline may be used as a commercial variety.
As a parents in Hybridization Programme. A pureline that is not suitable for release as a variety serve as a parent in hybridization programme for the development of new varieties.
In Studies on Mutation. This is because any genetic variation arising in a line would be due to mutation if care has been taken to avoid mechanical mixture and natural hybridization.
Other Studies. In many biological investigations, such as those in medicine, immunology, physiology, biochemistry, nutrition, etc., use of highly inbred lines (virtually pure lines) of mice, pig, rabbits etc.
History of Pureline Selection
Louise de Vilmorin proposed the Vilmorin principle or Vilmorin isolation principle, which is the basis for progeny test.
The genetic basis of purelines was explained subsequently by Johannsen in 1903.
Pureline selection has been the most commonly used breeding scheme applied to genetically variable and homozygous populations of self-pollinated crops.

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