Bones of hand, Wrist bones. हाथ और कलाई की हड्डियाँ।

Bones of hand, Wrist bones. हाथ और कलाई की हड्डियाँ।
🦴 *1. Carpal Bones (Wrist Bones)*

There are *8 carpal bones**, arranged in **two rows* (proximal and distal). They form the *wrist joint* and allow for *flexibility and movement* of the hand.

🔹 Proximal Row (closer to forearm)

1. *Scaphoid*
Boat-shaped; articulates with the radius.
Most commonly fractured carpal bone.

2. *Lunate*
Crescent-shaped; also articulates with the radius.
Participates in wrist flexion/extension.

3. *Triquetrum*
Pyramid-shaped; lies beside the lunate.
Articulates with the pisiform and hamate.

4. *Pisiform*
Pea-shaped sesamoid bone.
Sits on top of the triquetrum; palpable on the anterior wrist.

🔹 Distal Row (closer to fingers)

5. *Trapezium*
Irregular shape; articulates with the first metacarpal (thumb).
Allows thumb's wide range of motion.

6. *Trapezoid*
Smallest carpal in distal row; wedged between trapezium and capitate.

7. *Capitate*
Largest carpal bone; centrally located.
Acts as a keystone of the carpal arch.

8. *Hamate*
Has a hook-like projection (**hook of hamate**) on its palmar surface.
Important for ligament and tendon attachment.

✋ *2. Metacarpal Bones (Palm Bones)*
There are *5 metacarpals**, numbered **I to V* (thumb to pinky). These form the framework of the **palm**.

Each has:
*Base* (proximal): articulates with the carpals.
**Shaft**: long, cylindrical body.
*Head* (distal): forms the knuckles when you make a fist.

**Functions**:
Connect the wrist to the fingers.
Support hand movements.
Provide attachment for muscles and ligaments.

☝️ *3. Phalanges (Finger Bones)*
There are *14 phalanges* in each hand:

**Fingers (2–5)**: each has **3 phalanges**:
*Proximal*
*Middle*
*Distal*

**Thumb (1st digit)**: has **2 phalanges**:
*Proximal*
*Distal*

**Structure of each phalanx**:
*Base* (proximal end)
*Shaft*
*Head* (distal end)

**Functions**:
Enable fine motor skills (gripping, typing, writing).
Allow bending and extending at finger joints (flexion/extension).
Support dexterity and precision of movement.

✅ Functional Importance of Hand Bones:
**Carpals**: Flexibility and strength in the wrist.
**Metacarpals**: Structure and support for the palm.
**Phalanges**: Precision in gripping, manipulating objects.

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