Understanding Single Guide RNA (sgRNA) in 60 Seconds

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Single guide RNA (sgRNA) is a type of RNA molecule used in the CRISPR-Cas gene editing system. It is an engineered version of the naturally occurring two-piece guide RNA complex, consisting of the CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) linked together into a single, continuous sequence. The sgRNA serves as a guide that directs the Cas9 endonuclease enzyme to a specific DNA sequence, allowing for targeted DNA cleavage and gene editing. The crRNA component of the sgRNA is responsible for binding to the target DNA region, while the tracrRNA component activates the Cas9 enzyme. This simplified single-guide RNA structure makes the CRISPR-Cas9 system more efficient and easier to program for various gene editing applications