7. Miscellaneous Wave in ECG - ECG assessment and ECG interpretation made easy

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Electrocardiographic interpretation is a “stepwise” procedure, and the first steps are to study and characterize the cardiac rhythm.

Step One (Rhythm)
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Categorize what you see in the 12-lead ECG or rhythm strip, using the three major parameters that allow for systematic analysis and subsequent diagnosis of the rhythm:

Mean rate of the QRS complexes (slow, normal, or fast).
Width of the QRS complexes (wide or narrow).
Rhythmicity of the QRS complexes (characterization of spaces between QRS complexes) (regular or irregular).
*Several parts of this section on electrocardiography are based on the work of G. T. Evans, MD, who was the author of this chapter in the first edition of the book.

Step Two (Morphology)
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Step 2 consists of examining and characterizing the morphology of the cardiac waveforms.

Examine for atrial abnormalities and bundle branch blocks.
Assess the QRS axis and the causes of axis deviations.
Examine for signs of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Examine for signs of right ventricular hypertrophy.
Examine for signs of myocardial infarction, if present.
Bear in mind conditions that may alter the ability of the ECG to diagnose a myocardial infarction.
Examine for abnormalities of the ST segment or T wave.
Assess the QT interval.
Examine for miscellaneous conditions. (bpm = beats per minute, s = second, ms = millisecond, m/s = meters per second, cm/s = centimeters per second)

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