Movement in Knee joint | Antagonism | NBF | FBISE | Class 12 | Muscle Disorders

Knee Joint Movement at 12th Thoracic Vertebrae Level:

At the 12th thoracic vertebrae level (T12), the knee joint is influenced by the lumbar and sacral nerves.


Movements:

1. Flexion (130-140°): Knee bends, tibia moves posteriorly.
2. Extension (0-10°): Knee straightens, tibia moves anteriorly.
3. Rotation (medial and lateral): Tibia rotates inward and outward.


Muscles Involved:

1. Quadriceps femoris (extension)
2. Hamstrings (flexion)
3. Gastrocnemius (flexion)
4. Popliteus (rotation)


Disorders of Muscles: Basics


Types of Muscle Disorders:

1. Inflammatory (e.g., myositis)
2. Degenerative (e.g., muscular dystrophy)
3. Traumatic (e.g., strains, tears)
4. Neurological (e.g., muscle weakness, paralysis)


Common Muscle Disorders:

1. Muscle strain
2. Tendinitis
3. Muscle tears
4. Muscular dystrophy
5. Myasthenia gravis


Causes:

1. Overuse or repetitive strain
2. Trauma or injury
3. Infection
4. Autoimmune disorders
5. Genetic mutations


Symptoms:

1. Pain
2. Weakness
3. Fatigue
4. Swelling
5. Limited mobility


Diagnosis:

1. Physical examination
2. Imaging tests (e.g., X-ray, MRI)
3. Electromyography (EMG)
4. Muscle biopsy


Treatment:

1. Rest and rehabilitation
2. Physical therapy
3. Medications (e.g., pain relievers, corticosteroids)
4. Surgery


Knee-Specific Muscle Disorders:


1. Patellofemoral pain syndrome
2. Quadriceps tendonitis
3. Hamstring strains
4. IT band syndrome
5. Osgood-Schlatter disease


Muscle Actions at the Knee Joint:


1. Quadriceps: Extends knee (contracts)
2. Hamstrings: Flexes knee (contracts)
3. Gastrocnemius: Flexes knee (contracts)
4. Popliteus: Rotates tibia (contracts)


Understanding muscle fu#onlinebiology nction and disorders helps diagnose and manage knee-related
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