Tim Spector: Which supplements work - and which are a waste | Prof. Sarah Berry

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Can pills and powders really improve our health? Despite their clinical look, most supplements aren’t tested with the scientific rigour we expect from medical treatments, and many don’t live up to their promises.

Today, we're joined by two of ZOE’s top scientists to reveal the truth. They discuss groundbreaking new research and share the results of a brand new randomized controlled trial that could reshape how we think about supplements and introduce an entirely new kind.

Tim Spector is one of the world’s top 100 most cited scientists, a professor of epidemiology, and ZOE’s scientific co-founder. He’s joined by Dr. Sarah Berry, a world leading expert in large scale human nutrition studies, Professor of Nutrition at King’s College London, and Chief Scientist at ZOE.
By the end of this episode, you’ll have the latest science to help you make informed decisions about supplements and understand what your gut health really needs in 2025.

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Timecodes
00:00 Can supplements actually harm your health?
02:55 Why vitamin pills can do more harm than good
05:45 The truth behind scurvy, rickets, and early nutrition
08:30 Why we’re still stuck in a post-war supplement mindset
11:17 Should you supplement if you’re not deficient?
14:03 What calcium supplements really does to your heart
16:49 The real reason food companies add vitamins
19:20 The problem with your diet isn’t deficiency
21:45 Why fixing your diet is harder than it sounds
24:30 Why we need a new kind of supplement
27:09 Whole plants vs powders: why structure matters
29:40 Why plant diversity is the future of gut health
32:10 What’s the difference between prebiotics and probiotics?
35:05 Inside the randomized trial testing a new gut supplement
40:00 How the gut supplement changed the microbiome
42:31 Why probiotics worked… but much less
45:11 The surprising link between microbes and mood
48:22 How much did cholesterol and inflammation improve?
51:33 Could this reshape how we supplement in the future?

📚Books by our ZOE Scientists
The Food For Life Cookbook | https://amzn.to/4amfIMX
Every Body Should Know This by Dr Federica Amati | https://amzn.to/4blJsLg
Food For Life by Prof. Tim Spector | https://amzn.to/4amZinu

Free resources from ZOE:
Live Healthier: Top 10 Tips From ZOE Science & Nutrition | https://zoe.com/freeguide
Gut Guide - For a Healthier Microbiome in Weeks | https://zoe.com/gutguide

Mentioned in today's episode
The Evolution of Science and Regulation of Dietary Supplements: Past, Present, and Future The Journal of Nutrition (2024) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...

Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment, Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33509...

Long-term multivitamin supplementation and cognitive function in men: a randomized trial, National Library of Medicine (2013) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24490...

A diverse high-fibre plant-based dietary intervention improves gut microbiome composition, gut symptoms, energy and hunger in healthy adults: a randomised controlled trial, MedRxiv (2024) https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.11...

On Calcium supplementation:
Dietary calcium intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis: prospective longitudinal cohort study, British Medical Journal (2011) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21610...

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Episode transcripts are available here: https://zoe.com/learn/category/podcasts