Selection of Sesame Variety to Get Maximum Yield |Cyber Agri Extension| Newly Introduced Variety

Sesame, also known as "til" is a versatile and nutritious crop cultivated for its seeds, which are rich in oil and protein. Cultivating sesame requires careful consideration of soil type, environmental conditions, and fertilization to ensure optimal growth and yield. This guide will outline the steps for sesame cultivation, including selecting suitable varieties based on soil and environmental conditions and implementing an effective fertilization plan.
1. Understanding Soil and Environmental Conditions:
• Sesame thrives in well-drained sandy loam or loamy soils with good fertility.
• It requires a warm climate with temperatures ranging between 25°C to 35°C for optimal growth.
• Sesame is moderately tolerant to drought conditions but performs best with adequate moisture during critical growth stages.
2. Selection of Sesame Variety:
• Choose sesame varieties based on soil type, climate, and intended use (oil extraction or culinary purposes).
• Varieties like Anmol til, TH-6, both are Single stick, but Anmol til is newly introduced and high yielding. Moreover, branched varieties are TS-3, TS-5, til-18, NIAB Pearl, Gold and NIAB Melenium but newly introduced and high yielding is NIAB Melenium. Moreover, TS-3, high yielding variety of Oilseed Research Institute, AARI Faisalabad are highly suitable for a wide range of soil types and climatic conditions. Please avoid to cultivate TS-5 and til-18.
• Consult local agricultural experts or extension services to identify varieties adapted to specific regions.
3. Site Preparation and Planting:
• Prepare the land by plowing and harrowing to achieve a fine tilth, ensuring good soil aeration and drainage.
• Sesame seeds can be directly sown into the prepared soil once the temperature reaches a minimum of 20°C.
• Plant seeds at a depth of 1 to 2 centimeters and maintain row spacing of 30 to 45 centimeters, depending on the variety.
4. Fertilization Plan:
• Conduct soil testing to determine nutrient deficiencies and pH levels before planting.
• Sesame has moderate fertility requirements but responds well to balanced fertilization.
• Apply organic amendments such as well-decomposed compost or farmyard manure to improve soil structure and nutrient availability.
• Based on soil test results, apply fertilizers containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in recommended doses.
• For example, a common fertilization plan for sesame may include the application of 15 Kg of Urea, 01 bag of DAP, and 25 Kg SOP per acre before planting.
• Split the nitrogen application, with the initial dose applied at planting and subsequent doses during critical growth stages such as flowering and pod formation.
5. Weed Management and Pest Control:
• Keep the field weed-free during the early stages of sesame growth through manual or mechanical methods.
• Monitor for common pests such as aphids, leafhoppers, and caterpillars and implement appropriate control measures if necessary.
• Use integrated pest management (IPM) practices to minimize pesticide use and preserve natural predators.
6. Irrigation and Crop Maintenance:
• Provide adequate moisture during critical growth stages, particularly flowering and pod development, to ensure optimal seed formation.
• Implement efficient irrigation methods such as drip irrigation or furrow irrigation to conserve water and reduce weed growth.
• Monitor crop health regularly for signs of nutrient deficiencies, diseases, or pest infestations and take prompt action as needed.
7. Harvesting and Post-Harvest Management:
• Harvest sesame when the lower leaves turn yellow, and the capsules begin to dry and crack open.
• Use appropriate harvesting equipment to minimize seed loss and maintain seed quality.
• Thresh the harvested sesame to separate the seeds from the capsules and dry them thoroughly before storage or further processing.
Conclusion: Successful sesame cultivation requires careful planning, from selecting suitable varieties to implementing an effective fertilization plan and pest management strategies. By considering soil and environmental conditions and adopting best agricultural practices, farmers can achieve high yields of quality sesame seeds, contributing to food security and economic prosperity.
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