STEM CELLS | Types and Categories of Stem Cells uses | FSC PART 1, Biology

Title: Stem Cells | Class 11th | Types of Stem cells | categories of Stem cells | Uses of Stem cells

Description:

Stem cells are the body's raw materials — cells from which all other specialized cells are made. (According to new syllabus FSC part 1 new book). They have the unique ability to develop into many different cell types and play a vital role in healing and regeneration. From repairing damaged tissues to offering hope in treating serious diseases, stem cells are at the heart of modern medical breakthroughs and the future of personalized medicine.

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TYPES OF STEM CELLS:

1. Totipotent Stem Cells

Power: Can form all cell types, including embryo and placenta.
Example: Zygote (fertilized egg).
Role: Can develop into a complete organism.

2. Pluripotent Stem Cells

Power: Can form any body cell, but not placenta.
Example: Embryonic stem cells, iPSCs.
Role: Can make tissues and organs in the body.

3. Multipotent Stem Cells

Power: Can form a limited range of related cells.
Example: Blood stem cells → red, white blood cells.
Role: Maintain and repair specific tissues.

4. Oligopotent Stem Cells

Power: Can form a few closely related cells.
Example: Myeloid stem cells → some blood cells
Role: Support smaller cell families within a system.

5. Unipotent Stem Cells

Power: Can form only one cell type.
Example: Skin stem cells → skin cells.
Role: Help repair and renew specific tissues.

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CATEGORIES OF STEM CELLS:

1. Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)

These are found in early-stage embryos and are pluripotent, meaning they can develop into almost any cell type in the body. They hold great promise for regenerative medicine but also raise ethical concerns.

2. Adult Stem Cells (Somatic Stem Cells)

These are found in various tissues like bone marrow, blood, and fat. They are multipotent, meaning they can only become a limited range of cells related to their tissue of origin. They are widely used in therapies, such as bone marrow transplants.

3. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

These are adult cells that scientists have genetically reprogrammed to act like embryonic stem cells. They are pluripotent and offer a way to avoid ethical issues while still providing a wide range of possibilities for research and treatment.

4. Perinatal Stem Cells

These are found in birth-related tissues like the umbilical cord, placenta, and amniotic fluid. They are easy to collect and show great potential in regenerative medicine due to their flexibility and immune compatibility.

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