MAJOR FIELD CROP PESTS (Hindi/English) Agricultural Field Officer

MAJOR FIELD CROP PESTS
PESTS OF CORN
Corn Rootworm
The larvae attack the roots, causing the plants to fall over and become goose-necked.
The adults feed on the silks and, at times, become so numerous that pollination cannot occur.
Overwinter as eggs in the soil. One generation per year.
Control
The most effective means of control is by crop rotation. Corn grown year after year on heavy soil is the most seriously damaged.

Pesticides: do not use when rotating crops. If necessary, apply granules in a 6-7 inch bank over the row at planting time or as a cultivation treatment.
Do not apply sprays for adults unless pollination is threatened.

Spider mites
Overwinter as adults in debris. Several generations per year.
Damage: pierce plant cells and suck out liquid contents. Leaves develop chlorotic spots and may die back. Start feeding on the lower leaves and move upward. Hot, dry conditions are favorable.
Control: systemic insecticides.

PESTS OF ALFALFA
Alfalfa weevil
The color is brown with a darker brown stripe down the middle of the elytra.
The pronotum has a dark brown stripe through which runs a pale line.
Adult length is about 1/4 inch (6 mm).
Alfalfa weevil
The color is brown with a darker brown stripe down the middle of the elytra.
The pronotum has a dark brown stripe through which runs a pale line.
Adult length is about 1/4 inch (6 mm).
Cultural management: Early first harvest; fall grazing; spring burning; resistant cultivars.
Chemical control: Mostly organophosphates, which are highly toxic for pollinators (bees) and other beneficials. Apply early in the morning or late in the evening.

Pea aphid
Green, long-legged, about 1/6” long.
Many generations per year.
Overwinter as eggs or adult females
Damage: Suck the sap. Cause wilting and reduce quality and quantity of alfalfa hay.


Lygus bug
Control: preferably systemic insecticide sprays. Apply when Tgreater than 50°F early in the morning or late in the evening to preserve the beneficials.
Adults: ¼” long, variable in color. Distinct “V” on the back. Piercing-sucking beak.
Overwinter as adults. Three generations per year.
Adults: ¼” long, variable in color. Distinct “V” on the back. Piercing-sucking beak.
Overwinter as adults. Three generations per year.

PESTS OF DRY BEANS
Mexican bean beetle
Adults are red with 16 black spots, ¼” long.
Larvae are yellow with branched spines, up to ¼” long.
Overwinter as adults in litter. One generation per year.
Damage: Both adults and especially larvae chew off portions of leaves. They usually feed by clinging to the under surface of the leaves and eating irregular sections of the lower leaf surface. The upper surface of leaves quickly dries out, giving a lace-like, skeletonized appearance.
Control: Cultural – burning or destruction of crop residues; Resistant varieties (e.g., Lima beans);
Biological – several species of parasitoids available;
Chemical – systemic and non-systemic insecticides, soil applications and foliar spray. Difficult to control because feed underneath the leaves.

PESTS OF SUGAR BEETS
Sugar Beet Root Maggot
Overwinters as a larva (maggot) in the soil.
Adult flies emerge in May.
Females deposit eggs around the base of sugar beet plant.
One generation per year.
Damage: maggots attack seedlings and cause loss of stand. Yields are reduced.
Control: only larval control is recommended. Apply granules to the soil as a 4-6” band over the row. Granules must have moisture to be activated.
Beet Leafhopper
Overwinter as adults in weedy areas. Host plants include wild mustards, Russian thistle and other weeds.
Eggs hatch and nymphs move into beet fields.
One or more generations per year.
Damage: vector of the virus causing the disease curly top in sugar beets.
Control: Cultural – Weed management. Resistant varieties.
Chemical – granulated formulations to the soil. Moisture is necessary to activate the granules.

PESTS OF POTATOES
Related to aphids and leafhoppers. The adult has clear wings that rest rooflike over the body. Predominantly black, with white markings. Scale like flat nymphs. Psyllids jump quite readily when disturbed.
Overwinter as eggs. Several generations per year.

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