कवच 4.0 | Kawach 4.0 Automatic Train protection

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India has taken a major step forward in railway safety with the commissioning of the Made-in-India Automatic Train Protection (ATP) System – Kavach 4.0 on the Bajwa (Vadodara)–Ahmedabad section in Gujarat. The newly commissioned section has a total length of 96 kilometres and has become the first fully operational Kavach 4.0 section in the state of Gujarat. This project is an important part of Indian Railways’ national safety upgradation programme, aimed at reducing train accidents and enhancing passenger safety.

The Bajwa–Ahmedabad section has been equipped with advanced and robust infrastructure to support the Kavach 4.0 system. A total of 17 railway stations fall under this section. Key infrastructure installations include 23 telecom towers, 20 Kavach buildings or huts, approximately 192 kilometres of Optical Fibre Cable (OFC), and 2,872 RFID tags installed along the track. These components enable continuous, real-time communication between trains, trackside equipment, and signalling systems.

The operationalisation of Kavach 4.0 began with the maiden run of a Kavach-enabled train, the Sankalp Fast Passenger (Train No. 59549/59550). The train is hauled by a WAP-7 electric locomotive and consists of 11 LHB coaches. With this launch, Kavach 4.0 has become fully operational on the Bajwa–Ahmedabad section, marking a significant milestone in railway safety.

Kavach is an indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection system, officially adopted by Indian Railways as the National ATP system in July 2020. The system is designed primarily to prevent train accidents caused by human error. Kavach automatically intervenes to control train speed and movement whenever there is a risk of unsafe operation, ensuring timely braking and safe train handling.

The safety functions of Kavach 4.0 include prevention of Signal Passed at Danger (SPAD) incidents, enforcement of sectional speed limits, loop line speed supervision, and compliance with Permanent Speed Restrictions (PSR). So far, Kavach has been implemented on more than 2,200 route kilometres across the Indian Railways network.

The development of Kavach has evolved over several years. Initial field trials were conducted in 2016 on passenger trains. During 2018–19, an independent safety assessment was carried out, and firms were approved for Kavach Version 3.2. In July 2020, Kavach was formally adopted as the National ATP system. Later, on 16 July 2024, Kavach Version 4.0 received approval from the Research Designs a ttylnd Standards Organisation (RDSO).

In terms of cost, the installation of track-side and station equipment costs approximately ₹50 lakh per kilometre, while locomotive-borne equipment costs around ₹80 lakh per locomotive. Financially, ₹1,547 crore has already been utilised for Kavach implementation, and an additional ₹1,112.57 crore has been allocated for the year 2024–25.

Overall, Kavach 4.0 represents a transformative leap in Indian railway safety, strengthening the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat and paving the way for safer, smarter, and more reliable train operations across the country.




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