Transformer protection system using Arduino II Best Electrical engineering project GRID Protection

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Abstarct - This project uses an Arduino as the central controller to monitor a transformer's health parameters and provide automated protection. A Current Transformer (CT) monitors the load current passing through the LED bulb, triggering an overload alert if the current exceeds a set threshold. Line voltage is monitored via a preset (potentiometer) acting as a voltage divider, allowing the Arduino to detect overvoltage or undervoltage conditions. For thermal monitoring, a 10k NTC thermistor measures the transformer's temperature, while a creative water-based float system (using a thermocool ball and metal plates) simulates an oil level sensor by completing a circuit when the level drops. When any parameter crosses its safety limit, the Arduino activates a buzzer for local signaling and sends a remote alert via the HC-05 Bluetooth module (configured for SMS) to a paired device. All real-time data, including current, voltage, and temperature, is displayed on a 16x2 LCD for easy local monitoring. This multi-sensor approach ensures the transformer is protected against the most common causes of failure: overheating, low insulation (oil), and electrical faults.

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