Mutation | Types of Mutations | DNA Genetics | Part 1👨‍⚕️

#drnajeeb #medicines #mutations #mutation #biomolecules #biology #dna

Mutation | Types of Mutations | DNA Genetics | Part 1👨‍⚕️

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▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬

00:00:00 What Is Mutation
00:02:49 Types Of Mutations
00:03:13 Somatic Cell Mutation
00:05:00 Congenital Defects
00:07:09 Mutations In Germ Cells
00:11:28 What Is Genetic Code And Mechanism Of Transcription And Translation
00:18:80 mRNA role
00:23:27 Stop Codon And Its Types
00:25:40 Role Of Transfer Rna And Anticodon
00:28:47 Explanation Through An Example
00:31:44 Summary Of Genetic Code
00:35:27 Analysis Of Principles Of Genetic Code (Specificity)
00:43:42 Universal Principle
00:47:38 Redundancy
00:52:29 Rule Of Codon And Anti Codon Matching
00:58:26 Adjustment(Traditional And Non Traditional Matching)

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Types of Mutations
There are various schemes for classification of different kind of mutations. Depending on:
A. The Type of Cell Involved
1. Somatic mutations
• Mutations that are in the somatic tissues of the body.
• Mutations are not transmitted to progeny.
• The extent of the phenotypic effect depends upon whether the mutation is dominant or
recessive (dominant mutations generally have a greater effect).
• The extent of the phenotypic effect depends upon whether it occurs early or late in
development (early arising mutations have a greater effect).
2. Germinal mutations
• Mutations that are in the germ tissues of the body.
• Mutations may be transmitted to progeny
• Dominant mutations are seen in first generation after the mutation occurs
• If a female gamete containing an X-linked mutation is fertilized, the males will show
the mutant phenotype
• Recessive mutations will only be seen upon the chance mating with an individual
carrying the recessive allele too; thus, the recessive mutation may remain hidden for
many generations
B. Mode of Origin
(1) Spontaneous mutations
The spontaneous mutations occur suddenly in the nature and their origin is unknown. They
are also called “background mutation” and have been reported in many organisms such as,
Oenothera, maize, bread molds, microorganisms (bacteria and viruses), Drosophila, mice,
man, etc.
(2) Induced mutations
Besides naturally occurring spontaneous mutations, the mutations can be induced artificially
in the living organisms by exposing them to abnormal environment such as radiation, certain
physical conditions (i.e., temperature) and chemicals.
C. Direction of Mutation
According to their mode of direction following types of mutations have been recognized:
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