Mutation | Types of Mutations | DNA Genetics | Part 2👨‍⚕️

#drnajeeb #medicines #mutations #mutation #biomolecules #biology #dna

Mutation | Types of Mutations | DNA Genetics | Part 2👨‍⚕️

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▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬

00:00:00 Continuing The Previous Lecture
00:01:42 Continuous Principle
00:08:40 Point Mutations
00:09:41 Types Of Point Mutations
00:10:07 Transitions
00:12:46 Transconversions
00:16:29 Silent Mutations
00:17:36 Spacer Dna
00:19:09 Mutations In Interons
00:22:20 3rd Nucleotide Nitrogenous Base
00:25:00 Missense Mutations
00:26:49 Types Of Missense Mutations
00:27:22 Acceptable Mutations
00:29:16 Partially Acceptable Mutations
00:30:34 Unacceptable Mutations
00:34:28 Nonsense Mutations
00:38:33 Frameshift Mutations
00:43:42 Garbled Proteins
00:45:00 Simple Deletions
00:55:32 Translocation Mutations
01:00:14 Mutations In Promoter Box
01:02:50 Mutations Resulting In Abnormal Interon Removal And Exon Splicing
01:09:45 Insertional Mutations
01:12:11 Trinucleotide Repeat Mutations
01:17:19 Dynamic Mutations
01:17:54 Phenomenon Of Anticipation

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Types of Mutations
There are various schemes for classification of different kind of mutations. Depending on:
A. The Type of Cell Involved
1. Somatic mutations
• Mutations that are in the somatic tissues of the body.
• Mutations are not transmitted to progeny.
• The extent of the phenotypic effect depends upon whether the mutation is dominant or
recessive (dominant mutations generally have a greater effect).
• The extent of the phenotypic effect depends upon whether it occurs early or late in
development (early arising mutations have a greater effect).
2. Germinal mutations
• Mutations that are in the germ tissues of the body.
• Mutations may be transmitted to progeny
• Dominant mutations are seen in first generation after the mutation occurs
• If a female gamete containing an X-linked mutation is fertilized, the males will show
the mutant phenotype
• Recessive mutations will only be seen upon the chance mating with an individual
carrying the recessive allele too; thus, the recessive mutation may remain hidden for
many generations
B. Mode of Origin
(1) Spontaneous mutations
The spontaneous mutations occur suddenly in the nature and their origin is unknown. They
are also called “background mutation” and have been reported in many organisms such as,
Oenothera, maize, bread molds, microorganisms (bacteria and viruses), Drosophila, mice,
man, etc.
(2) Induced mutations
Besides naturally occurring spontaneous mutations, the mutations can be induced artificially
in the living organisms by exposing them to abnormal environment such as radiation, certain
physical conditions (i.e., temperature) and chemicals.
C. Direction of Mutation
According to their mode of direction following types of mutations have been recognized:
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